Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on the Contributors -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- I: PRICE CONVERGENCE, DEMAND AND GROWTH -- 1 Effects of Accession to the EU on Prices, Wages and Aggregate Demand in CEE Countries -- 2 Macroeconomic Problems of Trade Liberalisation and EU Eastern Enlargement -- 3 Non-tradable Goods and Deviations Between Purchasing Power Parities and Exchange Rates: Evidence from the 1990 European Comparison Project -- II: EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEMS, CAPITAL AND TRANSFER INFLOWS -- 4 Real Exchange Rates and Growth/After EU Accession: The Problems of Transfer and Capital Inflow Absorption -- 5 Capital Inflows and Convertibility in the Transforming Economies of Central Europe -- 6 Exchange Rate Policy, Fiscal Austerity and Integration Prospects: The Hungarian Case -- III: SECTORAL ADJUSTMENT ISSUES -- 7 Adjusting the Common Agricultural Policy for an EU Eastern Enlargement: Alternatives and Impacts on the Central European Associates -- 8 Changes in Production Structures after Accession: Experiences from the Southern Enlargement of the EU and Prospects for Eastern Enlargement -- Name Index -- Subject Index.

Erstes Kapitel. Atome und Elektronen -- Zweites Kapitel. Die lichtelektrischen Grundversuche -- Drittes Kapitel. Die lichtelektrischen Erscheinungen der Metalle -- Viertes Kapitel. Der selektive Photoeffekt der Metalle -- Fünftes Kapitel. Der normale Photoeffekt der Metalle -- Sechstes Kapitel. Anfangsgeschwindigkeiten der Elektronen im normalen Effekt -- Siebentes Kapitel. Der Photoeffekt an nicht metallisch leitenden Körpern -- Achtes Kapitel. Die Bedeutung von Oberflächenschichten für den Photoeffekt -- Neuntes Kapitel. Die lichtelektrischen Erscheinungen in Gasen -- Zehntes Kapitel. Allgemeines über die lichtelektrischen Erscheinungen.

Economic theory that underlies many empirical microeconomic applications predicts that treatment responses depend on individuals' characteristics and location on the outcome distribution. Using data from a large-scale Pakistani school report card experiment, we consider tests for treatment effect heterogeneity that make corrections for multiple testing to avoid an overestimation of positive treatment effects. These tests uncover evidence of policy-relevant heterogeneous effects from information provision on child test scores. Further, our analysis reinforces the importance of preventing the inflation of false positive conclusions since over 65% of statistically significant quantile treatment effects become insignificant once corrections for multiple testing are applied. ; Die ökonomische Theorie, die vielen empirischen mikroökonomischen Anwendungen zugrunde liegt, sagt voraus, dass Behandlungseffekte von individuellen Eigenschaften und Lage auf der Ergebnisverteilung abhängen. Unter Verwendung von Daten aus einem großen pakistanischen Schulzeugnis-Experiment betrachten wir Tests zur Heterogenität von Behandlungseffekten, die Korrekturen für mehrfaches Testen vornehmen, um eine Alphafehler-Kumulierung der geschätzten positiven Behandlungseffekte zu vermeiden. Diese Tests zeigen politikrelevante heterogene Effekte aus der Informationsbereitstellung über die Testergebnisse von Kindern auf. Darüber hinaus unterstreicht unsere Analyse die Bedeutung der Verhinderung einer Alphafehler-Kumulierung von positiven Schlussfolgerungen, da über 65% der statistisch signifikanten Quantilbehandlungseffekte insignifikant werden, sobald wir Korrekturen für mehrfaches Testen anwenden.

Abstract. The objective is to present a reservoir management system which is capable of determining optimal operating rules both for flood event based and normal operation while at the same time attempting to achieve ecologically oriented operation. In order to maintain the variability of the natural flow regime, a new dynamic operating policy is introduced for normal operation. Flood event based operation is managed by a two-part step function. Both operating policies are optimized using a state-of-the-art multi-objective evolution strategy algorithm.

A healthy diet is often unaffordable for low‐income individuals, so income‐lifting policies may play an important role in not only alleviating poverty but also in improving nutrition. We investigate if higher minimum wages can contribute to an improved diet by increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. Exploiting recent minimum wage increases in the United States and using individual‐level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System we identify the causal effect of minimum wage changes on fruit and vegetable intake among low‐wage individuals in a triple‐differences framework. The estimated minimum wage elasticity of fruit and vegetable consumption equals 0.12. (JEL I12, I18, J38)

This report from the Working Group on Levees and Flood Defences of the European Club of ICOLD (EUCOLD) is published in preparation for the 2018 ICOLD Congress in Vienna; this European Levee Report also includes a contribution from the USA, from the Levees Comittee of the United States Society on Dams (USSD). The objective of the report is to provide an overview of flood protection works and its issues in different countries. The situation of levees in the eleven countries who participated to the report is presented in a specific chapter, including facts and figures about levees and flood defences, flood risk issues, major flood events, regulation, governance, technical guidance, management practices and finally knowledge gaps. A final chapter presents an analysis and a tentative synthesis of the collected information. The main outcomes of this report are the high importance of flood defences in these countries in terms of infrastructure portfolio and of flood risk management, and the lack of an central levee inventory in the majority of these countries. Levees seem to be a relevant issue in many countries or at least for many regions across European Countries. Countries like England, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and others each have several thousand kilometres of levees and many more still have a significant amount of levees. The majority of levees and flood protection structures are found along rivers but, especially in Western Europe, a significant fraction of levees and structures have been built along the coasts and estuaries. Levees often have a long and complicated construction history, many of them have been heightened step by step after major flood events. For the whole of Europe, both annual flood damage and Flood Risk Management (FRM) investments run into the billions of Euros (per year), while the protected value is over two trillion Euro. Levee management governance and legislation strongly differ by country. There is no central levee database and, from many countries, only estimated data and incomplete information were available. ; Ce rapport du Groupe de travail sur les Digues et ouvrages de protection contre les inondations du Club européen de la CIGB (EUCOLD) est publié en préparation du Congrès de la CIGB 2018 à Vienne; ce rapport sur les digues, initialement européen, comprend également une contribution des États-Unis, du Comité sur les digues de l'United States Society on Dams (USSD). L'objectif du rapport est de fournir un aperçu des ouvrages de protection contre les inondations et des problématiques associées dans différents pays. La situation des digues (ou levées) dans les onze pays ayant participé au rapport est présentée dans un chapitre spécifique : faits et chiffres sur les levées et les inondations, risque d'inondation, inondations majeures, réglementation, gouvernance, conseils techniques, pratiques de gestion et enfin lacunes en termes de connaissances. Un dernier chapitre présente une analyse et une tentative de synthèse des informations collectées. Ce rapport démontre la grande importance des ouvrages de protection contre les inondations dans ces pays en termes de patrimoine d'infrastructures et de gestion des risques d'inondation, et l'absence d'un inventaire central des digues dans la majorité de ces pays. Les digues semblent être une question d'importance dans de nombreux pays ou au moins pour de nombreuses régions à travers les pays européens. Des pays comme l'Angleterre, la France, l'Allemagne, l'Italie, les Pays-Bas, la Pologne, l'Espagne et d'autres ont chacun plusieurs milliers de kilomètres de digues et beaucoup d'autres en ont également un linéaire important. La majorité des digues et structures de protection contre les inondations se trouvent le long des rivières, mais, en particulier en Europe de l'Ouest, une partie importante en a été construite le long des côtes et des estuaires. Les levées ont souvent une histoire de construction longue et compliquée, beaucoup d'entre elles ont été rehaussées pas à pas après les inondations majeures. Pour l'ensemble de l'Europe, les dommages annuels causés par les inondations et les investissements dans la gestion des risques liés aux inondations se chiffrent en milliards d'euros (par an), tandis que la valeur protégée dépasse les deux billions d'euros. La législation en matière de gestion et de gouvernance des digues diffère fortement d'un pays à l'autre. Il n'y a pas de base de données centrale sur les digues et, dans de nombreux pays, seules des données estimées et des informations incomplètes étaient disponibles.

This report from the Working Group on Levees and Flood Defences of the European Club of ICOLD (EUCOLD) is published in preparation for the 2018 ICOLD Congress in Vienna; this European Levee Report also includes a contribution from the USA, from the Levees Comittee of the United States Society on Dams (USSD). The objective of the report is to provide an overview of flood protection works and its issues in different countries. The situation of levees in the eleven countries who participated to the report is presented in a specific chapter, including facts and figures about levees and flood defences, flood risk issues, major flood events, regulation, governance, technical guidance, management practices and finally knowledge gaps. A final chapter presents an analysis and a tentative synthesis of the collected information. The main outcomes of this report are the high importance of flood defences in these countries in terms of infrastructure portfolio and of flood risk management, and the lack of an central levee inventory in the majority of these countries. Levees seem to be a relevant issue in many countries or at least for many regions across European Countries. Countries like England, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and others each have several thousand kilometres of levees and many more still have a significant amount of levees. The majority of levees and flood protection structures are found along rivers but, especially in Western Europe, a significant fraction of levees and structures have been built along the coasts and estuaries. Levees often have a long and complicated construction history, many of them have been heightened step by step after major flood events. For the whole of Europe, both annual flood damage and Flood Risk Management (FRM) investments run into the billions of Euros (per year), while the protected value is over two trillion Euro. Levee management governance and legislation strongly differ by country. There is no central levee database and, from many countries, only ...