Resumo Diversas externalidades resultantes de um modelo inadequado de planejamento de transportes urbanos afetam diretamente a qualidade ambiental e de vida da população. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar cidades de referência em mobilidade urbana sustentável, avaliando-as por meio de indicadores, determinados pelos sistemas de avaliação de cidades: Mercer, Copenhagenize, Walk Score, UITP Index e European Green Capital. Foram selecionadas as cidades mais bem classificadas para validar indicadores relacionados a infraestrutura e gestão de transportes e mobilidade urbana. Os resultados demonstraram quais as práticas exitosas essas cidades referência têm adotado para a melhoria da mobilidade urbana, qualidade ambiental urbana e qualidade de vida da população, servindo de orientação para o planejamento urbano para as cidades brasileiras.
O estudo faz uma abordagem econômica, política e institucional da exploração e produção (e&p) de petróleo e gás no Brasil desde as explorações precursoras ocorridas no Brasil Império até a descoberta do pré-sal. A conjunção de três episódios recentes (a grave recessão econômica de 2015-16, a derrocada dos preços do petróleo e a Operação Lava-Jato) produziram sérias instabilidades no setor petrolífero. Porém, as alterações no marco regulatório a partir de 2018 e a redução da presença do Estado na economia alavancaram os investimentos no setor que contribuirão para financiar o crescimento econômico do país. Ademais, o setor petrolífero no Brasil ainda tem muito a crescer, visto que menos de 5% da área sedimentar estão contratados.
Traditionally, beach management has not encouraged governance, which is essential for the sustainability of these coastal environments, as it promotes actions for the common good. This work aims to understand and compare the governance processes in the management of Pocitos beach (Montevideo, Uruguay) and Central beach (Balneário Camboriú-SC, Brazil). The goals were to characterize the institutional framework of the beach management, the stakeholders involved, and the results achieved in both cases suggesting adjustments to the current designs and tools. Semi structured interviews based on six components of governance were conducted and classified. The institution responsible for beach management and the stakeholders were approached via Snowball Sampling technique. On Pocitos beach, management activities are performed through a participative and integrative process, mainly involving government divisions that conform a committee meeting weekly. This committee allows the implementation of governance processes. However, improvements are needed, especially in terms of participation of a wider range of stakeholders. On Central beach, management activities show a weak integration between the municipal government divisions, and the participation of stakeholders. A management alternative similar to that of Pocitos beach is suggested for Central beach. The main contribution of this work is the proposal of a recommendations set for the management of the two beaches addressed, as well as a generalization for other beaches in both countries. We highlight the need for beach management processes characterized by being local, public, participatory, formalized and integrated. ; Tradicionalmente, a gestão de praias não tem fomentado a governança, aspecto essencial para a sustentabilidade de tais ambientes costeiros, dado que promove ações para o bem comum. Este trabalho tem como fim entender e comparar os processos de governança na gestão das praias Pocitos (Montevidéu, Uruguai) e Central (Balneário Camboriú - SC, Brasil). Os objetivos propostos foram caracterizar o arcabouço institucional para a gestão de praias em ambos os casos, os stakeholders envolvidos, e os resultados alcançados, sugerindo ajustes às ferramentas e aos desenhos atuais. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas e classificadas em seis componentes da governança. A instituição responsável pela gestão das praias e os demais stakeholders foram aproximados por intermédio da técnica da Bola de Neve. Na praia de Pocitos, as atividades de gestão são realizadas por meio de um processo participativo e integrado, principalmente envolvendo divisões do governo, que conformam um comitê de trabalho semanal, que permite a implementação dos processos de governança. Porém, reformas são necessárias, especialmente relacionadas à participação de um amplo leque de stakeholders. Na praia Central, as atividades de gestão demostram uma integração débil entre as divisões do governo municipal e a participação de outros stakeholders não é usual. Uma alternativa de gestão similar à de Pocitos é sugerida para a praia Central. A contribuição principal deste trabalho está na proposta de um conjunto de recomendações para a gestão de ambas as praias analisadas, além de recomendações gerais para outras praias nos dois países. Destaca-se a necessidade de um processo de gestão de praias caracterizado por ser local, público, participativo, formalizado e integrado. ; Tradicionalmente, la gestión de playas no ha fomentado la gobernanza, aspecto esencial para la sustentabilidad de estos ambientes costeros, dado que promueve acciones para el bien común. Este trabajo tiene el propósito de entender y comparar los procesos de gobernanza en la gestión de las playas Pocitos (Montevideo, Uruguay) y Central (Balneário Camboriú-SC, Brasil). Los objetivos propuestos fueron caracterizar el andamiaje institucional para la gestión de las playas en ambos casos, los stakeholders involucrados, y los resultados alcanzados, sugiriendo ajustes a los diseños y herramientas actuales. Entrevistas semi estructuradas fueron llevadas a cabo, y clasificadas en seis componentes de la gobernanza. La institución responsable por la gestión de playas y los demás stakeholders fueron abordados por medio de la técnica de la Bola de Nieve. En la playa de Pocitos, las actividades de gestión son realizadas a través de un proceso participativo e integrado, principalmente involucrando divisiones del gobierno, que conforman a un comité de trabajo semanal, que permite la implementación de los procesos de gobernanza. Sin embargo, son necesarias reformas, especialmente respecto a la participación de un amplio rango de stakeholders. En la playa Central, las actividades de gestión demuestran una débil integración entre las divisiones del gobierno municipal, y la participación de otros stakeholders no es usual. Una alternativa de gestión similar a la de Pocitos es sugerida para la playa Central. La contribución principal de este trabajo es un conjunto de recomendaciones para la gestión de ambas playas analizadas, además de recomendaciones generales para otras playas en los dos países. Se destaca la necesidad de un proceso de gestión de playas caracterizado por ser local, público, participativo, formalizado e integrado.
Introduction Transportation is one of the main determinants of atmospheric pollutant emissions in urban areas. This externality has direct environmental, economic and public health consequences. This paper aims at investigating the space-time patterns of traffic air pollution in Balneário Camboriú (Brazil) over projected temporal scenarios and at estimating the damage costs of traffic air pollution to support transport policy-making. MethodsTo estimate the emission rates of pollutants, emission factors and traffic data were jointly used, whereas the pollutant concentrations were estimated using the Gaussian plume dispersion model. To identify the affected areas as well as possible spatial heterogeneity patterns of air pollution within clustered areas, an exploratory spatial analysis was also conducted. To assess the economic impact of air pollution, damage costs were calculated for various pollutants. ResultsThe modeling results show that oxides of nitrogen (NO2) and oxides of sulphur (SO2) pollutants exceed the limits of air quality legislation, especially at a distance up to 10 meters from the roads, while 60% and 71% of the intersections are found to yield pollutant concentrations above the thresholds, primarily during peak hours. The analysis also confirmed that homogeneous traffic zones with similar emission rates are spatially clustered exhibiting positive autocorrelation patterns. The results of the economic appraisal showed that the estimated costs of traffic-related emissions were $0.89, $1.38 and $1.43 million/year, respectively, for the current, short-term and long-term scenarios. ConclusionsThis study serves as the first comprehensive analysis of traffic air pollution for the specific study region, providing implications and modeling tools that can be leveraged in public policies focusing on the elimination of the transportation-generated health burden. The developed analysis framework can also serve as a supporting tool for Public Agencies focusing on the high-level evaluation of traffic-related air ...
Abstract In August 2019, an oil spill incident washed the coast in Brazil affecting some of the country's most visited and preserved beaches in Northeast and Southeast. This paper argues that the influence of power disconnects delayed the proper actions. Power disconnects occur when the victims of environmental harm (residents of northeastern and southeastern Brazil) lack power to prevent it or, conversely, when those who do have the power to protect the environment (the Brazilian government and the international community) do not experience the costs of degradation. Although Brazil has emerged as an environmental leader in the international arena in the past, it has fallen behind on the improvements that are needed to prevent spills like this from affecting coastal communities and biodiversity in the future. Ultimately, as long as political injustices persist, ecological disasters will continue, and Governance will not improve.
Abstract In August 2019, an oil spill incident washed the coast in Brazil affecting some of the country's most visited and preserved beaches in Northeast and Southeast. This paper argues that the influence of power disconnects delayed the proper actions. Power disconnects occur when the victims of environmental harm (residents of northeastern and southeastern Brazil) lack power to prevent it or, conversely, when those who do have the power to protect the environment (the Brazilian government and the international community) do not experience the costs of degradation. Although Brazil has emerged as an environmental leader in the international arena in the past, it has fallen behind on the improvements that are needed to prevent spills like this from affecting coastal communities and biodiversity in the future. Ultimately, as long as political injustices persist, ecological disasters will continue, and Governance will not improve.
In the context of the extensive Brazilian coastal zone, the Patos Lagoon estuary comes across as the contemporary dilemma between the economic development and the environmental conservation in a conspicuous way. Deep changes in the environmental and socioeconomic scenario are expected in the near future, due to the big projects of economic development planned for the region, such as a paper mill industrial complex, a deepening of the navigation channel of the estuary from 15 to 18 m and the implantation of a shipyard to build up petroleum marine platforms. Taking into consideration such trends, a program of Integrated Coastal Zone Management at Patos Lagoon estuary - Costa Sul Program, has been conducted since 2005 with the purpose of promoting sustainable development in this estuary. The project is oriented to four main strategies: 1) building capacity in the local government and empowerment of the local community; 2) restoration of coastal habitat and fishery resources; 3) to provide alternatives of rental for the rural coastal communities; and 4) to develop a comprehensive coastal management plan with active participation of the civil society, integrating the federal and state environmental policies, and programs and projects with the local ones. This paper will describe some results obtained at this time and will present some lessons learned.
