Suchergebnisse

This paper analyses different categories of political & administrative resources that the European Commission services responsible for audiovisual policy-making use in order to strengthen its capacity to elaborate this policy in a context marked by strong constraints on their autonomy. Faced with opponents of its policy conceptions, DG X "audiovisual culture" strived to initiate reforms in audiovisual policy after the victorious negotiations of the GATT in 1993. They did so in particular by consulting professionals from the cultural sector & by making the most of the presidency of the European Council of Ministers when held by the most supportive national government: that of France. 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article analyses the major changes that have affected the Turkish cultural policy since the advent of the Republic. After showing it was first conducted with the aim to participate in nation building defined by the Kemalist project, it then focuses on the transformations of this policy with the coming to power of the Islamic-conservative party (AKP) in 2002. The study highlights a number of changes which are the result of sectorial transformations that occurred also in other European countries (local cultural actions, Europeanization). However, recently, as AKP is strengthening its power, the government is determined to break with the Kemalist framework to propose a conservative model of cultural policy which doesn't go however beyond a symbolic restoration of the Ottoman legacy. Nevertheless most of the projects initiated are contested by professional organizations and artists who denounce authoritarian interventionism that threats their creative freedom. Adapted from the source document.

The analysis of the Turkish interest groups in Brussels puts in evidence a gap between the currently hazardous Turkey-EU membership process & the strong integration of these groups in the EU political arena in Brussels. However, this integration still refers to conceptions & practices which remain focused on the protection of national stakes. These statements are a good incitement to think about ways & means to penetrate & to grasp the Brussels arena. Analyzing individual socialization & the specificity of some sectors, it is possible to assess the integration logic to the EU environment & thus to consider the Europeanization process of Turkish interest groups. Adapted from the source document.