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The political activism of American business as a class has surged and ebbed at various historical moments. Variations in both business and countervailing political mobilization should be approached as problems of collective interpretation and action. To explain the historical patterns of class-wide business activism, we need to look at the dynamics of partisan regimes in American politics. Partisan leaders, not businesses or other policy-seekers themselves, have the strongest incentives to absorb the transaction costs associated with either broad-scale business or countervailing collective action. When partisan entrepreneurs see an opportunity to alter the distribution of power at the national level, they engage in a discursive exercise to remold business or oppositional interests and undertake the mobilization of these interests.

Machine generated contents note: 1.Reassessing and Reviving Eisenhower's Governing Style / Kenneth E. Collier -- 2.Leading as a True Conservative: Eisenhower, the GOP, and the Politics of Fiscal Responsibility / Geoffrey Kabaservice -- 3.Closing Argument: The Verdict on Eisenhower and Civil Rights / David A. Nichols -- 4.The Eisenhower Transition: The Economics and Politics of Economic Policy / M. Stephen Weatherford -- 5.Pursuing the Parallel Track / Mark Shanahan -- 6.Sputnik Moments: Science and Technology Policy from Eisenhower to Obama / Zuoyue Wang -- 7.Eisenhower's "Strategic Hand": Developing and Executing A Foreign Policy Vision / Meena Bose -- 8.We're Not in Kansas Anymore: Eisenhower and U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 1953 -- 1961 / Douglas Little -- 9.Eisenhower and the Military / Dale R. Herspring -- 10.Peace Dividends: President Eisenhower and the Unbuilding of the American National Security State / Andrew J. Polsky.

In 'Elusive Victories', Polsky provides a fascinating study of seven wartime presidents, drawing larger lessons about the limits of the power of the White House during armed conflict. He examines, in turn, Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, showing how each gravely overestimated his power as commander-in-chief. In each case, these presidents' resources did not match the key challenges that recur from war to war.

In 'Elusive Victories', Polsky provides a fascinating study of seven wartime presidents, drawing larger lessons about the limits of the power of the White House during armed conflict. He examines, in turn, Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, showing how each gravely overestimated his power as commander-in-chief. In each case, these presidents' resources did not match the key challenges that recur from war to war

Assuming that "marginal" citizens cannot govern their own lives, proponents of the therapeutic state urge casework intervention to reshape the attitudes and behaviors of those who live outside the social mainstream. Thus the victims of poverty, delinquency, family violence, and other problems are to be "normalized." But "normalize," to Andrew Polsky, is a term that "jars the ear, as well it should when we consider what this effort is all about." Here he investigates the broad network of public agencies that adopt the casework approach

Assuming that ""marginal"" citizens cannot govern their own lives, proponents of the therapeutic state urge casework intervention to reshape the attitudes and behaviors of those who live outside the social mainstream. Thus the victims of poverty, delinquency, family violence, and other problems are to be ""normalized."" But ""normalize, "" to Andrew Polsky, is a term that ""jars the ear, as well it should when we consider what this effort is all about."" Here he investigates the broad network of public agencies that adopt the casework approach.

The opportunity structure framework has become a cornerstone of presidency research over the past generation. Yet the way scholars have construed opportunity structure has been too narrow. Where they have stressed the partisan regime context in which a president is situated, other contextual elements often weigh more heavily on a president's calculation of what he can and cannot do. Further, the regime context is relatively static within any administration, but the opportunity structure a president faces will change rapidly. These choices are often the consequence of a president's earlier actions. His choices will set in motion new forces to which he will later have to respond. The presidency of Dwight Eisenhower serves to illustrate the value of a broadened and more dynamic conception of the opportunity structure approach.