Suchergebnisse
Filter
83 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
From economic crisis to reform: IMF programs in Latin America and Eastern Europe
"The wave of neoliberal economic reforms in the developing world since the 1980s has been regarded as the result of both severe economic crises and policy pressures from global financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Using comparative evidence from the initiation and implementation of IMF programs in Latin America and Eastern Europe, From Economic Crisis to Reform shows that economic crises do not necessarily persuade governments to adopt IMF-style economic policies. Instead, ideology, interests, and institutions, at both the international and domestic levels, mediate responses to such crises." "Grigore Pop-Eleches explains that the IMF's response to economic crises reflects the changing priorities of large IMF member countries. He argues that the IMF gives greater attention and favorable treatment to economic crises when they occur in economically or politically important countries. The book also shows how during the neoliberal consensus of the 1990s, economic crises triggered IMF-style reforms from governments across the ideological spectrum and how these reforms were broadly compatible with democratic politics. By contrast, during the Latin American debt crisis, the contentious politics of IMF programs reflected the ideological rivalries of the Cold War. Economic crises triggered ideologically divergent domestic policy responses and democracy was often at odds with economic adjustment. The author demonstrates that an economic crisis triggers neoliberal economic reforms only when the government and the IMF agree about the roots and severity of the crisis."--Jacket
The Estate Origins of Democracy in Russia: From Imperial Bourgeoisie to Post-Communist Middle Class. By Tomila V. Lankina. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. 496p. $39.99 cloth
In: Perspectives on politics, Band 21, Heft 2, S. 742-743
ISSN: 1541-0986
Pre-Communist and Communist Developmental Legacies
In: East European politics and societies: EEPS, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 391-408
ISSN: 1533-8371
This article discusses two distinctive approaches for thinking about historical legacies in the post-communist context. The first approach, which builds on the work of Ken Jowitt, emphasizes the distinctiveness of Leninist socioeconomic and political legacies, while the second approach, rooted in the writings of Andrew Janos, highlights the significant and resilient pre-communist, communist, and post-communist diversity of the countries of the former Soviet bloc. The empirical evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that both types of legacies continue to matter after a quarter-century of post-communist transitions. Thus, whereas we can still discern a distinctive and fairly uniform communist imprint in areas such as primary education and the importance of the state sector in the economy, in other areas of socioeconomic development, either communism was unable to reverse longer-term intraregional differences (e.g., with respect to GDP/capita or the size of the agrarian sector) or its initially distinctive developmental imprint has been fundamentally reshaped by post-communist economic reforms (as in the case of the massive increase in income inequality in a subset of ex-communist countries). In political terms, there is an interesting contrast between institutional trajectories (such as regime type), which largely follow pre-communist developmental differences, and individual political attitudes and behavior, where communist exceptionalism generally trumps post-communist diversity.
Romania Twenty Years after 1989
In: Twenty Years After Communism, S. 85-103
Post-Communist Legacies And Political Behavior And Attitudes
In: Demokratizatsiya: the journal of post-Soviet democratization = Demokratizacija, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 157-166
ISSN: 1074-6846
Throwing out the Bums: Protest Voting and Unorthodox Parties after Communism
In: World politics: a quarterly journal of international relations, Band 62, Heft 2, S. 221-260
ISSN: 1086-3338
The electoral rise of unorthodox parties (UOPs) in recent East European elections raises some puzzling questions about electoral dynamics in new democracies. Why did the power alternation of the mid-1990s not result in party-system consolidation, as suggested by some earlier studies, but instead give way to a much more chaotic environment in which established mainstream political parties lost considerable ground to new political formations based on personalist and populist appeals? Why did this reversal in Eastern Europe happen during a period of economic recovery, remarkable Western integration progress, and a broad acceptance of electoral democracy as the only game in town? This article suggests that these electoral dynamics can be explained by focusing on the interaction between protest voting and election sequence. While protest voting to punish unpopular incumbents has been a widespread but understudied practice since the collapse of communism, the beneficiaries of these protest votes have changed in recent elections. Whereas in the first two generations of postcommunist elections, disgruntled voters could opt for untried mainstream alternatives, in third-generation elections (defined as elections taking place after at least two different ideological camps have governed in the postcommunist period) voters had fewer untried mainstream alternatives, and therefore opted in greater number for unorthodox parties. This explanation receives strong empirical support from statistical tests using aggregate data from seventy-six parliamentary elections in fourteen East European countries from 1990 to 2006, survey evidence from twelve postcommunist elections from 1996 to 2004, and a survey experiment in Bulgaria in 2008.
Throwing out the bums: protest voting and unorthodox parties after Communism
In: World politics: a quarterly journal of international relations, Band 62, Heft 2, S. 221-260
ISSN: 0043-8871
The electoral rise of unorthodox parties (UOPs) in recent East European elections raises some puzzling questions about electoral dynamics in new democracies. Why did the power alternation of the mid-1990s not result in party-system consolidation, as suggested by some earlier studies, but instead give way to a much more chaotic environment in which established mainstream political parties lost considerable ground to new political formations based on personalist and populist appeals? Why did this reversal in Eastern Europe happen during a period of economic recovery, remarkable Western integration progress, and a broad acceptance of electoral democracy as the only game in town? This article suggests that these electoral dynamics can be explained by focusing on the interaction between protest voting and election sequence. While protest voting to punish unpopular incumbents has been a widespread but understudied practice since the collapse of communism, the beneficiaries of these protest votes have changed in recent elections. Whereas in the first two generations of postcommunist elections, disgruntled voters could opt for untried mainstream alternatives, in third-generation elections (defined as elections taking place after at least two different ideological camps have governed in the postcommunist period) voters had fewer untried mainstream alternatives, and therefore opted in greater number for unorthodox parties. This explanation receives strong empirical support from statistical tests using aggregate data from seventy-six parliamentary elections in fourteen East European countries from 1990 to 2006, survey evidence from twelve postcommunist elections from 1996 to 2004, and a survey experiment in Bulgaria in 2008. (World Politics / SWP)
World Affairs Online
Latin American Neostructuralism: The Contradictions of Post-Neoliberal Development. By Fernando Ignacio Leiva. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. 312p. $75.00 cloth, $25.00 paper
In: Perspectives on politics, Band 7, Heft 4, S. 988-989
ISSN: 1541-0986
SSRN
Working paper
Public Goods or Political Pandering: Evidence from IMF Programs in Latin America and Eastern Europe: Public Goods or Political Pandering
In: International studies quarterly: the journal of the International Studies Association, Band 53, Heft 3, S. 787-816
ISSN: 1468-2478
Latin American Neostructuralism: The Contradictions of Post-Neoliberal Development
In: Perspectives on politics: a political science public sphere, Band 7, Heft 4, S. 988-989
ISSN: 1537-5927
Public Goods or Political Pandering: Evidence from IMF Programs in Latin America and Eastern Europe
In: International studies quarterly: the journal of the International Studies Association, Band 53, Heft 3, S. 787-816
ISSN: 0020-8833, 1079-1760
Book Review: Grzymała-Busse, A. (2007). Rebuilding Leviathan: Party Competition and State Exploitation in Post-Communist Democracies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 41, Heft 7, S. 1034-1038
ISSN: 1552-3829
A party for all seasons: electoral adaptation of Romanian Communist successor parties
In: Communist and post-communist studies: an international interdisciplinary journal, Band 41, Heft 4, S. 465-479
ISSN: 0967-067X
World Affairs Online