Suchergebnisse

The paper discusses various aspects of the Europeanization of Romanian foreign policy: elite socialization, bureaucratic reorganization, institutional and policy adaptation to the requirements and exigencies of EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), projection of national interests onto CFSP agenda and decisions. There is very little written in the literature on the subject of Romanian foreign policy Europeanization. From this standpoint this article fills a gap and indicates an area of research in need to be explored. The paper is using a series of Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) documents related to its organizational changes as well as a number of interviews with diplomats. It is trying to test in the case of Romania a few relevant theses written by significant authors with reference to the Europeanization of other Member States. It draws a number of conclusions - most of them confirming important theses on Europeanization. It ends by remarking the uneven character and the short length of the Romanian foreign policy Europeanization. Keywords: Europeanization, foreign policy, Romania, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, national adaptation to EU, projection of national interests, Republic of Moldova. (Romanian Journal of European Affairs / SWP)

THE ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA IN NOVEMBER 1996 WERE A TURNINGpoint in the political life of the country. They resulted in the victory of the Democratic Convention (DCR) and its presidential candidate, Emil Constantinescu, over the party dominated by reformedcommunists (the Party of Social Democracy of Romania, PSDR) and its candidate, the former president, Ion Iliescu.Professor Ghiţa Ionescu would have rejoiced in this long-awaited victory for the DCR. During his visit to Romania in 1993 he met many leading figures of the Democratic Convention, including Mr Constantinescu himself who, as Rector of the University of Bucharest, conferred upon him the doctorate honoris causa. He was also pleased to discover that one of his major books, Communism in Romania, had already been translated into Romanian (in 1992). Professor Ionescu was warmly welcomed and was particularly impressed by the enthusiasm of the young people, some of them academics, who were very actively engaged in the political struggle against the Iliescu regime.

Describes the victory by the Democratic Convention (DCR) and its presidential candidate, Emil Constantinescu, over the Party of Social Democracy of Rumania (PSDR) and its candidate, former president Ion Iliescu.

"the archive […] will never be either memory or anamnesis as spontaneous,alive and internal experience. On the contrary: the archive takesplace at the place of originary and structural breakdown of said memory."1What the philosopher Jacques Derrida diagnoses about the archive, takingplace at the lieu of a structural breakdown of memory, is pertinent as well forthe complicit yet complicated relationship between history and photography. Itis this collapse that all articles of this Special Issue allude to when they examinephotography as history. Let me take this idea a little further and consider howarchives matter when it comes to discussing the images' "tension between factsand meanings" mediated on the level of memory and remembrance.2 I will arguethat the relationship between history and photography is defined by the archive asa place of consignation negotiated by the images that may nevertheless becomepowerful enough to articulate counter-semantics and alternative narratives ofcivil imaginations. As a sort of epilogue I wish to reveal this implicit politicalontological dimension of photography that is irreducibly tied to the archive.

It is no secret that images hold a special place in historiography. We speakof a complicit though complicated relationship between images and history, arelationship that has long been vital because images have always provided importantinsights into history and were accepted as equal to other written sourcematerials. This is certainly true for those historians who work on antiquity or theearly modern period, and the medievalists. Yet, with the chemical-technologicalinvention of photography in the 1830s this relationship seems to have experiencedserious frictions.