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Introduction. The article discusses the demographic characteristics of the population of the Crimean Tatar village of Karmysh-Kelechi of the 16th – 18th centuries based on the materials of Fontan-1 burial ground.

Methods and materials. Research procedures included the construction of mortality tables that characterize the sequence of extinction of a certain generation of people or general patterns of changes in mortality for cohorts of the population with a similar order of extinction. The mortality tables contain various demographic indicators that were analyzed during the study.

Results. As a result of the analysis, the author has found out the main demographic indicators of this population. These include a high mortality rate of children from newborn to 4 years with a predominance of children under 1 year; a slight predominance of the male population over the female; the average age of death for children was 20.6; the average age of death of the adult population – 36.5.; men lived three years longer than women. Moreover, in women, two peaks of mortality occur during the childbearing period and are probably associated with the stress that accompanies the female body during pregnancy and childbirth. The distribution of the male mortality reflects the natural process of aging and death. It is possible that the high infant mortality rate, as well as the lower average age of death, may be due to adverse external factors. The comparative analysis of the demographic indicators of the population who left Fountain-1 burial ground with synchronous groups shows that they all correspond to the indicators of populations of the Early Modern times and do not get out of the general context.

This research was funded by the Latvian Scientific Council grant LZP-2018/2-0083. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, as the Center of Excellence, has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Program H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under Grant Agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2. ; Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) MoS2 and WS2 monolayers (MLs) deposited atop of crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene-like ZnO (g-ZnO) substrates have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) using PBE and GLLBSC exchange-correlation functionals. In this work, the electronic structure and optical properties of studied hybrid nanomaterials are described in view of the influence of ZnO substrates thickness on the MoS2 @ZnO and WS2 @ZnO two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites. The thicker ZnO substrate not only triggers the decrease of the imaginary part of dielectric function relatively to more thinner g-ZnO but also results in the less accumulated charge density in the vicinity of the Mo and W atoms at the conduction band minimum. Based on the results of our calculations, we predict that MoS2 and WS2 monolayers placed at g-ZnO substrate yield essential enhancement of the photoabsorption in the visible region of solar spectra and, thus, can be used as a promising catalyst for photo-driven water splitting applications. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.--//-- Published under the CC BY 4.0 licence. ; Latvian Scientific Council grant LZP-2018/2-0083; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, as the Center of Excellence, has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Program H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under Grant Agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

In order to effectively interact in modern society, a person must have the most up-to-date information and a new system of behavior. Market relations generate competition, the struggle for a vital resource and the possibility of self-preservation among others in almost all spheres of life. In the course of a sociological study of student youth, the foundations of business activity, initiative, entrepreneurship, characteristic features of economic behavior and economic consciousness were revealed. One of the most important indicators of the level of human viability in conditions of uncertainty is business activity. People's behavior and social reforms are in constant interaction. The pace of change in modern societies is so fast that people's business activity and their willingness to productively change the world around becomes one of the key factors in the development of society. At previous historical stages, society has always had a more or less clear idea of «what kind of society is this?», «where did it come from?», and «what is its purpose?». The question «who are we?» in the social sense was obvious. Today, the identity of Russians is vague and undefined. It is easy to answer the question who we were. But the answers to the questions «who are we?», and even more so, «who will we be tomorrow?» seem far from so obvious. In modern socio-economic conditions, the assessment of the business qualities of student youth is not only vital for the youth themselves, but also crucial for the formation of state youth policy.