Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this research is the analysis of the extent and methods of influence of non-governmental institutions to ensure intelligent policy on political activities of the European Union.In a systematic functioning of the European Union institutions intellectual support policies for the four groups. ; Целью данного исследования выступает анализ степени и способов воздействия неправительственных институтов интеллектуального обеспечения политики на политическую деятельность Европейского Союза. В работе систематизированы функционирующие в Европейском Союзе институты интеллектуального обеспечения политики по четырем большими группами. ; Метою даного дослідження виступає аналіз ступеня і способів впливу неурядових інститутів інтелектуального забезпечення політики на політику Європейського Союзу. У роботі систематизовано функціонуючи у Європейському Союзі інститути інтелектуального забезпечення політики за чотирма великими групами.

In the article institutions at a minimal level of economic activity are classified. Building upon empirical results the author examines factors of evolution of related institutions and reveals connection between parameters of institutional regime, firms' life cycle and the field of their economic activity.

The author conducts a comparative analysis of authoritarian liberalism's concepts in contemporary political theory. The article deals with the main directions of interpretation of authoritarian liberalism in the framework of methodological approaches and conceptual models of neoliberalism, ordoliberalism, John Rawls' theory of political liberalism, Jan-Werner Mueller's "restrained democracy", Jürgen Habermas' "legitimation crisis", Colin Crouch's "post-democracy", Michael Wilkinson's "de-democratization", Crawford Macpherson's "participatory democracy", Wolfgang Streeck's "democratic capitalism crisis", Giandomenico Majone's «crypto-federalism». The basic analytical concept is the idea of authoritarian economic liberalism, fi rst proposed by H. Heller and K. Polanyi. For the purpose of methodological refl ection, an analytical review of methods and concepts based on modern political and constitutional theory and used in the study of the institutional specifi cs of authoritarian liberalism has been carried out. Authoritarian liberalism is conceptualized as the neoliberal ideology and practice of de-democratization and restriction of democracy, which results in regionalization of protest against the supranational regime of liberal democracy and political integration in Europe. If authoritarian liberalism focuses on economic liberalism, then authoritarian ways of implementing policies are subject to the interests of private property: authoritarianism strengthens economic liberalism, which, in turn, reinforces the EU's "authoritarian transformation". In the context of the Euro-crisis, authoritarian liberalism restricts traditional forms of representative democracy, political struggle, and the legitimation of power, contributing to the reanimation of ethnic nationalism. In contemporary Europe, right-wing euroskeptics are gaining popularity. The authoritarian-liberal restriction of social democracy can lead not only to the strengthening of capitalism, but also to the revival of the reactionary forms of «new nationalism» and authoritarian illiberalism. The EU is developing today in the "neo-colonial paradigm" in accordance with the relations between the core and the periphery between creditor countries and debtor countries. Transnational solidarity suppressed by authoritarian liberalism can become a democratically legitimate tool for resolving a fundamental confl ict between market capitalism and representative democracy ; Автор проводит сравнительный анализ концепций авторитарного либерализма в современной политической теории. В статье анализируются основные направления интерпретации авторитарного либерализма в рамках методологических подходов и концептуальных моделей неолиберализма, ордолиберализма, политического либерализма Дж. Ролза, «ограниченной демократии» Я.-В. Мюллера, «кризиса легитимации» Ю. Хабермаса, «постдемократии» К. Крауча, «де-демократизации» М. Уилкинсона, «демократии участия» К. Макферсона, «кризиса демократического капитализма» В. Штреека, «криптофедерализма» Дж. Маджоне. Базовым аналитическим концептом является идея авторитарного экономического либерализма, впервые предложенная Г. Хеллером и К. Поланьи. В целях методологической рефлексии проведен аналитический обзор методов и концепций, опирающихся на современную политическую и конституционную теорию и применяющихся при изучении институциональной специфики авторитарного либерализма. Авторитарный либерализм концептуализируется как неолиберальная идеология и практика де-демократизации и ограничения демократии, результатом которой становится регионализация протеста против супранационального режима либеральной демократии и политической интеграции. Если авторитарный либерализм делает акцент на экономическом либерализме, то авторитарные способы реализации политики подчиняются интересам частной собственности: авторитаризм усиливает экономический либерализм, который, в свою очередь, усиливает «авторитарную трансформацию». В контексте еврокризиса авторитарный либерализм ограничивает традиционные формы представительной демократии, политической борьбы и легитимации власти, способствуя реанимации этнического национализма. В современной Европе правые евроскептики набирают популярность и в этой ситуации авторитарно-либеральное ограничение социал-демократии может привести не только к укреплению капитализма, но и к возрождению реакционных форм «нового национализма» и авторитарного иллиберализма. ЕС сегодня развивается в «неоколониальной парадигме» в соответствии с отношениями между ядром и периферией между странами-кредиторами и должниками; в этой ситуации демократически легитимным инструментом разрешения фундаментального противоречия между рыночным капитализмом и представительной демократией может стать подавляемая авторитарным либерализмом транснациональная солидарность.

In the article the positive estimation of the paper on institutional methodology which was published in the 3rd issue of the journal in 2009 is given. In the discussion with A. Moskovsky the authors show that the term "institution" may have various definitions and argue in favour of the one proposed by D. North ("institutions as rules of the game"). The new institutional economic theory has a bigger potential for economic modeling than traditional institutionalism. The usefulness of "mathematical" institutionalism has been determined by the Russian researchers' elaborations of the institutional traps theory, institutional systems creation theory, knowledge economy theory and system-integrated theory of the firm.

Under contemporary conditions, programmes for the socio-economic development of Russian regions are increasingly relevant due to the necessity of a coordinating element between the Federal target programmes that operate on the territories of Federal Subjects and the target programmes of the Federal Subject itself. When creating an effective system for managing the development and implementation of regional socio-economic development programmes, it is necessary to proceed according to a unified method that is in conformity with government socio-economic development priorities. Regional economic policy essentially depends on a particular region's innovative potential, which, in turn, predetermines its further socio-economic development. In order to determine specific influence of socio-cultural factors involved in traditional approaches to the economic management of regions where the indigenous peoples are predominantly supported through innovative development, the authors conducted a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study revealed the relationship between indicators of support for traditional activities and those aimed at supporting innovation activities. The amount of funding for ongoing programmes that support traditional activities affects the birth rate in the corresponding region. It is precisely among indigenous people, who are closely associated with traditional activities, that one of the main values is marriage and children. As might be expected, efforts to support this part of the region's population lead to a reduction in the divorce rate. However, along with this, a certain "inhibition" of economic and innovative development can be detected. Therefore, when designing support for these regions, it is necessary to direct additional efforts to support precisely these problem areas. The studied regions were combined into three clusters. The regions of the first cluster are characterised by the extent to which social and economic development indicators are harmonised. Regions of the second cluster (in which only organisations supporting traditional livelihoods are developed) are characterised by high birth rates and low divorce rates. Regions of the third cluster (regions in which only organisations supporting innovation are developed) are characterised by positive innovation and economic development indicator values. It is also worth noting that this corresponds to the highest value of the "number of people with higher education" indicator. Along with the positive points, this cluster is also distinguished by negatives: the largest number of divorces per 1000 people and the lowest birth rates. The cluster analysis of traditional and innovative economies allows us to formulate the directions of development of economic systems for the formation of harmonious relations between traditional structures and innovative approaches to conducting economic activity. © 2019 Academic Conferences Limited. All rights reserved.

Under contemporary conditions, programmes for the socio-economic development of Russian regions are increasingly relevant due to the necessity of a coordinating element between the Federal target programmes that operate on the territories of Federal Subjects and the target programmes of the Federal Subject itself. When creating an effective system for managing the development and implementation of regional socio-economic development programmes, it is necessary to proceed according to a unified method that is in conformity with government socio-economic development priorities. Regional economic policy essentially depends on a particular region's innovative potential, which, in turn, predetermines its further socio-economic development. In order to determine specific influence of socio- cultural factors involved in traditional approaches to the economic management of regions where the indigenous peoples are predominantly supported through innovative development, the authors conducted a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study revealed the relationship between indicators of support for traditional activities and those aimed at supporting innovation activities. The amount of funding for ongoing programmes that support traditional activities affects the birth rate in the corresponding region. It is precisely among indigenous people, who are closely associated with traditional activities, that one of the main values is marriage and children. As might be expected, efforts to support this part of the region's population lead to a reduction in the divorce rate. However, along with this, a certain "inhibition" of economic and innovative development can be detected. Therefore, when designing support for these regions, it is necessary to direct additional efforts to support precisely these problem areas. The studied regions were combined into three clusters. The regions of the first cluster are characterised by the extent to which social and economic development indicators are harmonised. Regions of the second cluster (in which only organisations supporting traditional livelihoods are developed) are characterised by high birth rates and low divorce rates. Regions of the third cluster (regions in which only organisations supporting innovation are developed) are characterised by positive innovation and economic development indicator values. It is also worth noting that this corresponds to the highest value of the "number of people with higher education" indicator. Along with the positive points, this cluster is also distinguished by negatives: the largest number of divorces per 1000 people and the lowest birth rates. The cluster analysis of traditional and innovative economies allows us to formulate the directions of development of economic systems for the formation of harmonious relations between traditional structures and innovative approaches to conducting economic activity. © 2019, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved.

The point of the article is studying basic problems of the firm institutional theory - opportunism behavior problem in a principal-agent relationship system on the firm level. The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of opportunism as economic category, definition of basic forms of inside opportunism and estimation of their influence on performance of firms of the Ural region. Factors that influence the level of opportunism are classified.

In the article, the authors show that the main institutions of scientific efficiency are the institutions that publish scientific articles in Russian and international journals as well as monographs, scientific conference abstracts, pre-prints, reviews, reports, and also the institutions that register patents. The purpose of the research is the development of the indicator for the evaluation of the dysfunction of the institutions of scientific efficiency depending on different types of transaction coasts; and verification of the authors' indicator of scientific efficiency by the empirical study of the scientific organizations' activities. In the research, we applied the methods of the system, logical and economic analysis. The empirical information was processed using the methods of statistical analysis and correlation analysis. On the basis of different scientific efficiency of the central and regional institutions confirmed by Scopus data, the authors have proved that the scientific efficiency of regional scientific institutions and central ones need to be analysed separately. We have determined the dysfunctions of these institutions depending on different types of transaction coasts. We have developed the indicator for the assessment of the dysfunction of scientific efficiency institutions depending on different types of transaction coasts. The authors have introduced the indicator of scientific efficiency equal to the ratio of the dynamics of the increment of scientific results to the dynamics of the increase of transaction coasts. Depending on a type of the analyzed transaction coasts, the indicator of scientific efficiency illustrates the efficiency of various economic institutions. On the basis of the analysis of the research findings of the middle Urals' scientific organizations, we have arrived at the conclusion that the institutions that publish articles in the Russian and foreign scientific journals are efficient. We defined the dysfunctions of the institutions that publish articles in the Russian and foreign scientific journals depending on different types of transaction coasts. The authors conclude that it is efficient to increase certain types of transaction coasts. The received results can be applied by regional scientific institutions to increase the efficiency of their scientific activity. ; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 14–18–00574, 14–18–00574, 14–18–00574, 14–18–00574 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 16–36–00097 ; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 14–18–00574, 14–18–00574, 14–18–00574, 14–18–00574 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 16–36–00369, 17–06– 00537, 15–06–090994 ; Russian Humanitarian Foundation, RHF: 16–12–34015 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 16–32–01081 ; Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation ; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: RFMEFI57216X0004 ; Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation: MK-2752.2015.4 ; The research has been supported by the Grant of the Russian Science Foundation (the Project № 14–18–00574 "The information-analytical system "Anticrisis:" diagnostics of the regions, threat assessment and scenario forecasting for the preservation and strengthening of economic security and well-being of Russia). ; The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research № 16–36–00097 «Economic and mathematical modelling of the regional metallurgical complex repositioning process in the conditions of new industrialization of the economy». ; The research has been supported by the Grant of Russian Science Foundation (Project № 14–18–00574 "Information and analytical "Anticrisis" system: diagnostics of regions, threat assessments and scenario forecasting for the purpose to preserve and strengthen the economic security and improve the well-being of Russia"). ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research № 15–06–090994, 16–36–00369, 17–06– 00537. ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities (Project № 16–12–34015). ; The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Project № 16–32–01081. ; The article has been supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No. 211 of 16 March, 2013), Agreement No. 02.A03.21.0011. ; The article has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the project «Development of a set of measures and mechanisms for the increase in the efficiency of the international cooperation in new production technologies» (the unique identifier of the project RFMEFI57216X0004). ; The authors of the articles thank for the support the Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation for the state support of the young Russian PhD scientists (Grant No MK-2752.2015.4).

The first part discusses the consequences of the deficit of real institutional changes in post-socialist SEE countries, and their substitutions by the various anti-developmental institutional imitations, which essentially had the character of alternative quasi-institutions and were in a function of enrichment for the privileged individuals. It points to the importance of neo-institutional economic theories (NET), which provide a sound grounds and recommendations for explanation of the imitation changes, which had anti-institutional and anti-development character. Theoretical explanations of antiinstitutional changes confirm the conclusion that real institutional changes can not be developed on its opposites, in the conditions of feigning the economic freedom and democracy, the governement stability, and the accompaning development of social pathology. The present paper is dedicated to the formation of a theory of institutional modelling that includes principles and ideas that reflect the laws of societal development within the framework of institutional economic theory. The scientific principles of institutional modelling, increasingly postulated by the classics of institutional theory, are discussed. Scientific ideas concerning institutional modelling are proposed on the basis of the results of original design, formalisation and measurement of economic institutions. Applied aspects of the institutional theory of modelling are considered. © 2017, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved. ; 15-18-00049 ; The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation at Udmurt State University (Izhevsk, Russia), project No. 15-18-00049.

The article is devoted to the processes of knowledge generation at the enterprises of military-industrial complex, which are the leaders of the regional innovative activity. The target of the research is to develop the methodology based on the use of resource application potential for increasing the efficiency of knowledge generation at the instrument-making enterprises of military-industrial complex. The system analysis of the knowledge generation processes is conducted at one of them. It allows to draw a conclusion that such enterprises have a lack of the institutes of knowledge generation processes. The authors are offered a technique of the development of the knowledge generation system at the military-industrial entrprises based on the accounting of assets and opportunities of the enterprise in the realization of intellectual activity. The developed technique is based on the determination of the horizontal resource potential of knowledge generation and allows to determine the potential of resource application at each stage of product life cycle. The comparison of the actual and theoretical values of horizontal resource potential allows to correct the distribution of a share of each of resources within a stage, and therefore, to optimize the realization of tasks at a specific stage. The offered tools were implemented in 2015 at one of the regional military-industrial enterprises. The methodological tools of the research include the methods of expert assessment, mathematical statistics and the institutional analysis. On the basis of the offered technique and received empirical results, the institutional spiral of knowledge generation during the fiiling of state order at the military-industrial enterprise is developed. Its implementation will promote the decrease in the level of uncertainty during the whole life cycle of innovative activity product. The developed institutional spiral of knowledge generation at instrument-making military-industrial enterprises assumes the stimulation of knowledge generation processes at each of the stages of product life cycle. The results of this research can be used for the creation of the knowledge generation scheme as well as for the use of the efficiency increase mechanism of the knowledge generation processes at the enterprises of militaryindustrial complex. © E. V. Popov, M. V. Vlasov, A. Yu. Shishkina, A. V. Yakimova, 2016.

Цель данного исследования – сравнительный анализ мировых научных школ исследования феномена социального предпринимательства. Для достижения данной цели был проведен обзор англоязычных и отечественных научных статей, представленных в международных и российском индексах научного цитирования, в частности Scopus, WoS, eLIBRARY, а также отчетов международных и российских организации?, занимающихся исследованием и развитием данного вида деятельности. Методической базой исследования выступили методы анализа и синтеза, категоризации и систематизации. В результате проведенного анализа в статье описаны две основные традиции исследования социального предпринимательства – американская и европейская. Различия данных подходов связаны с особенностями исторического развития и, как следствие, сложившейся институциональной средой в европейских странах и США. В рамках данной традиции выявлено четыре научных школы, проведен их сравнительный анализ по следующим критериям: объект исследования, юридическая форма объектов социального предпринимательства, их инновационность, получение и распределение прибыли, а также форма управления. Представлены результаты исследования развития социального предпринимательства в России в рамках фонда «Наше будущее», специализирующегося на поддержке социального предпринимательства, российского законодательства и Центра социального предпринимательства и социальных инноваций НИУ «Высшая школа экономики». Данный анализ продемонстрировал существенное влияние американского подхода к определению сущности социального предпринимательства в российской практике. При этом отмечена перспективность развития данного вида деятельности при активной государственной поддержке, что соответствует европейской традиции. ; This study compares world research schools of social entrepreneurship. To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed papers presented in the Scopus and WoS databases; they also reviewed reports of international and Russian organizations engaged in social entrepreneurship, comparing foreign experience and the practice of social entrepreneurship development in the Russian economy. In the course of the study, the authors used a systematization method, which allowed identifying the main schools and centers for the study of social entrepreneurship, their features, and characteristics. This paper describes two main traditions of social entrepreneurship research: American and European. The differences in these approaches are associated with the peculiarities of historical development and, as a result, the prevailing institutional environment in European countries and the USA. Within the framework of this tradition, four research schools were identified. Their comparative analysis was carried out according to the following criteria: the object of study, the legal form of social entrepreneurship objects, their innovativeness, the receipt and distribution of profits, and the form of management. The results show the social entrepreneurship development in Russia within the framework of the Foundation «Our Future», specializing in supporting social entrepreneurship, Russian legislation, and the Center for Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovations of the Higher School of Economics. This analysis demonstrates the significant influence of the American approach to the definition of the essence of social entrepreneurship in Russian practice. At the same time, the outlook for the development of this type of activity was noted with active state support, which corresponds to the European tradition.