Suchergebnisse

The objective is to describe the advanced practice of using internet technologies for popularization of science by a well-known interregional public association, which systematically performs large-scale science-popularization activity. The author explores how to combine the varied and commonly used internet technologies and resources for solving the complex task of increasing the level of scientific knowledge in adult population. Broad application of this practice by autonomous public organizations can help to increase the overall culture and educational level in citizens, facilitate their participation in public life, develop public initiative and activity, and promote the broader use of rights and freedoms provided by the democratic state. To solve the set task, we applied the general dialectic method, serving to comprehend the internal self-development of the object under study; the historical method; and the method of complex comparative analysis. The research results confirm that internet technologies, if used with due substantiation and relevant content, are an effective means of increasing the culture and educational level in citizens within autonomous public organizations. The author describes the system of popularization of science by a well-known public association, for this experience to be used by other public organizations, considering their specific tasks.

The article explores the peculiarities of the institute of local Soviets of People's Deputies (Councils of People's Deputies) in the period between the "Stalin" Constitu-tion of the USSR, 1936 and the "Brezhnev" Constitution of the USSR, 1977. It is noted that the system of local Soviets in the constitutional norms was regulated in general on a democratic basis. In particular, the Consti-tution of the USSR, 1936 implied that local Soviets, as the lower level of state power in the country, are the holders of power of people, as evidenced by the election of deputies of all levels by direct universal suffrage by secret ballot. However such provisions denied other provisions of the same "Stalin" Constitution, especially on the administrative subordination of the Soviets at various levels, and on the leading role of the Communist Party, what reduced democracy to a minimum and reflected the socalled "State theory" of local self-government. Such situation also occurred in the "Brezhnev" Constitution. At the same time, in reality the highly centralized system of power in 1930 mid1950s after Stalin's death became transformed in the direction of greater liberalization. Thus, some democratization was manifested in early 1960s, what is reflected in the draft of the new Federal Constitution, which had been discontinued. At the turn of 1970, a number of new laws on local Soviets were adopted, which continued this trend. In addition, in the "Brezhnev" Constitution the class attribute of the Soviet power was reflected to a lesser extent.

The history of higher education in Russia and the near abroad is inseparably connected with the activity of higher education institutions administrators and their teaching and scholarly activity. They were the people who implemented the government policy in the sphere of higher education. In the 1920–40s, the academic and scholarly activity in the Soviet higher education institutions depended, to a large extent, on the change of the socio-political situation in the country. This was reflected in the fates of those who headed higher school administrations. The authors' study of political and professional activity of higher school administrators can provide an objective assessment of their activity as managers, pedagogues and scholars. In this regard, the study the life of Solomon Zakharovich Katsenbogen – a sociologist, philosopher, pedagogue and higher school administrator becomes especially interesting and urgent. The 100th anniversary of the foundation of the Belarusian State University and the 90th anniversary of the foundation of Sverdlovsk State Pedagogical Institute (now Ural State Pedagogical University) can also serve as very good reasons for the publication of this material. The article deals with the work of S. Z. Katsenbogen under the conditions of the change in the socio-political life taking place in the USSR in the second half of the 1930s – 1940s. It is the first attempt to study his professional activity as a lecturer and administrator at the higher education institutions of the Urals, and first of all at Sverdlovsk State Pedagogical Institute. The article analyzes the political leanings and behavior of S. Z. Katsenbogen under the conditions of the Stalinist regime, which was responsible for false allegations against him: suspiciousness and distrust in relation to colleagues and slowdown in scholarly activity because of fear of criticism for political reasons. At the same time, the authors make a conclusion about a positive contribution of the professor to the improvement of the functioning of higher schools in the Urals: a new approach to the organization of planning of scientific activity of higher education institutions, the creation of the system of control of the conduct of lectures and tutorials by teachers on the part of the heads of departments and higher school administration. Under the conditions of mass repression, S. Z. Katsenbogen did not become a slanderer and careerist; he sincerely believed that due to his hard work and moral behavior, he would eventually have his party disciplinary penalties withdrawn. His colleagues – pedagogues of the higher education institutions of the Urals – also believed in this, but he never achieved rehabilitation from the party officials. The fate of professor Katsenbogen was to a great extent highly typical of the historical situation in the country during Joseph Stalin's rule. In this perspective, the aim of the article is to reveal the consequences of the impact of political factors and peculiarities of the social life of the period of 1935–1946 on the activity of the higher school administrator, scholar and pedagogue. On the other hand, the authors tried to carry out their investigation within the framework of the historical-anthropological approach, in which a person functions as an active historical subject, as a historical factor, and as a bearer of a political culture and mentality. To achieve the aim and the tasks of the study, it is important to expand the investigation source base now as a result of publicizing a number of archival materials previously inaccessible for historians.

As a research objective, the digital paradigm of economic and social development, in general, which defines the information strategy for the development of the Russian customs service and administration as necessary and priority, is analyzed. The methodological basis is based on the ideas and principles of an integrated information approach to the study of the customs service and the concept of "customs service", which treats the customs administration as service oriented. We also use additional theoretical approaches (socio-cultural and neo-institutional) as an explanatory model of the developmental characteristics of the Russian customs service. The empirical verification of conceptual attitudes in this study was conducted based on our 2020 expert sociological survey. In the survey, there were 269 employees of Rostov customs, which is structurally included in the Southern Customs Administration. The study concludes that the greater efficiency in the positive dynamics of the work of the Russian customs authorities is associated with the introduction of information technologies (especially electronic declaration). Consequently, the results of this study can be used to develop a strategy to overcome certain barriers in service.

Public health is the most important factor in economic, political, social and cultural development of the country. Health is a fundamental, essential and socially important value. Health care system plays a substantial role in economic growth. Health care system - is one of the most important key factor in the preparation of any massive international event. The Success of such events largely depends on preparing of the health care system and medical service system. Medical service system is the most important in terms of the international sports events. Singularities of such events are: mass gatherings; the international level of the event; the probability of sports injuries among athletes, the need for athletes training and preparation, the doping control; the probability of emergency situations when a lot of people need medical assistance. Experience of the XXVII World Summer Universiade 2013 in Kazan can be called the most successful and efficient. Preparation of medical service system played one of the main role in success of this event. So it defined the purpose of this article: to analyze experience of the XXVII World Summer Universiade 2013. Accordingly, this study proposes a practical framework methodology to assist construction of the health care system and medical service system in terms of mass international sporting events. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n18p17

One of the main sources of social economic tension in Russian society became the promotion and acceptance in 2018 of the bill on retirement age increase initiated by the government. Conflict of the created situation expressed itself in a great number of protest meetings in the country againstpension reform. The aim of the article is to give a foundation of the effective way of solving the conflict caused by such reform. For this purpose its influence upon social economic state of labor relations sides is analyzed, the experience of retirement age increase in Germany and France is investigated, the perspective of solving the appeared conflict is defined. Dialectical method as the one which allows to discover the contradictions of the labor relation sides interests is realized. Table method of tendencies analysis in time worked dynamics in economically developed countries is used, the differentiation of workers age cohorts for the evaluation of the consequences of retirement reform is applied. It is found that the main source of retirement conflict in Russia is the degradation of workers position in connection with the growth of the time worked per working life in comparison with the cohort that retired before the reform. By the analysis of the innovate foreign experience the possibility of connection of retirement age increase, on the one hand, and the total number of hours worked per life, on the other hand, is discovered. It is shown that this possibility is the result of the regularity of the working time reduction which is inherent to the modern economy. The role of transition to the six hours working day in Russia as the effective way of solving retirement conflict without rejection of retirement age increase is revealed.