Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Frauenbewegungen in Bosnien und Herzegowina (BuH), einer Gesellschaft, die aufgrund des Krieges von 1992 bis 1995 und der im Friedensabkommen von Dayton festgelegten institutionellen Vereinbarungen oft als ethnisch gespalten beschrieben wird. Ethnonationalistische Eliten treiben historischen Revisionismus und Patriarchalismus voran. Frauen werden als passive Opfer konzipiert und die Kontinuität ihres Aktivismus wird unterdrückt. Dies gilt auch für die Diskurse internationaler Geldgeber, von deren Unterstützung zahlreiche Frauenorganisationen abhängen. Die Autorin analysiert aufgrund ihrer qualitativen Forschung, wie sich die Aktivistinnen an Aktivismus und die Lage der Frauen in verschiedenen historischen Epochen erinnern und auf welche Weise Erinnerung in konkrete Aktivitäten übersetzt wird. Trotz der neuen Schwerpunkte von Aktivistinnen und ihren Organisationen zeigt die Analyse, wie sie einen Bezug zur Zeit des Sozialismus und zu ihrem Friedensengagement während des Krieges und nach dem Krieg aufbauen, um eine kontextualisiertere und autonomere Frauenbewegung in BuH zu schaffen und ihre Rolle als Akteurinnen zu bestätigen und zu stärken.
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Frauenbewegungen in Bosnien und Herzegowina (BuH), einer Gesellschaft, die aufgrund des Krieges von 1992 bis 1995 und der im Friedensabkommen von Dayton festgelegten institutionellen Vereinbarungen oft als ethnisch gespalten beschrieben wird. Ethnonationalistische Eliten treiben historischen Revisionismus und Patriarchalismus voran. Frauen werden als passive Opfer konzipiert und die Kontinuität ihres Aktivismus wird unterdrückt. Dies gilt auch für die Diskurse internationaler Geldgeber, von deren Unterstützung zahlreiche Frauenorganisationen abhängen. Die Autorin analysiert aufgrund ihrer qualitativen Forschung, wie sich die Aktivistinnen an Aktivismus und die Lage der Frauen in verschiedenen historischen Epochen erinnern und auf welche Weise Erinnerung in konkrete Aktivitäten übersetzt wird. Trotz der neuen Schwerpunkte von Aktivistinnen und ihren Organisationen zeigt die Analyse, wie sie einen Bezug zur Zeit des Sozialismus und zu ihrem Friedensengagement während des Krieges und nach dem Krieg aufbauen, um eine kontextualisiertere und autonomere Frauenbewegung in BuH zu schaffen und ihre Rolle als Akteurinnen zu bestätigen und zu stärken.
AbstractThe author analyses volunteering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on women's activism in connection with values associated with the concept of civil society, such as solidarity, equity, and reciprocity. Civil society in Bosnia and Herzegovina generally suffers from fragmentation, donor-driven approaches, insufficient transparency and low trust among the general population, all of which present obstacles to voluntary work, as does a legal framework which is certainly not conducive to volunteering. Unlike organizations that do no more than promote the interests of their members, or groups connected to or controlled by political parties, women's organizations are often seen as undertaking genuine activism. The author reveals differences in attitudes to volunteer work among individual women in organizations of varying sizes, explaining that those differences depend to some extent on women's locations, ages or experience. Both inter-group and intra-group dynamics, including women's networks, provide additional insights into voluntarism, especially with regard to the value of solidarity.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between female abstinents in Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of certain demographics (age, education, rural-urban, party and ethnicity) and socio-psychological characteristics (interest in politics, the ways of getting their information about politics, trust in institutions, dogmatism, nationalism, cosmopolitanism, the end justifies the means, the attitude towards the leader, conservatism, liberalism and authoritarianism). The study was conducted in the first half of March 2013, on a sample of 483 adult women who did not plan to vote in the upcoming elections, who in the past six years (three election cycles) either voted occasionally, or they voted, but have no intention of voting again, or they have never voted. We started from the assumption that the different modes of political abstinence differ with respect to the measured variables. The results show that the three categories of women abstinents differ in terms of certain socio-demographic variables: age, education, ethnicity, party affiliation and religious beliefs. There are differences among respondents concerning political interests. The greatest interest was found among the respondents who manipulate their turning out to the polls, followed by those who were disappointed in the elections, while the slightest interest in politics was among the respondents who have never voted. Television is still the dominant medium for getting information about political events, the second and third ones are newspapers and radio, but they are much less influential. Yet among the three categories of women abstinents significant differences were found only regarding television and radio. Three categories of women abstinents differ only in cosmopolitanism and liberalism variables. There is a difference between women abstinents in their confidence in institutions. The most trust in institutions is found in women who occasionally took part in the elections, followed by those who voted, but no longer do so. The least trust in institutions is found among women who have never voted. ; Cilj ovog istraživanja je ustanoviti da li postoji razlika među apstinenticama u Bosni i Hercegovini prema određenim demografskim (starost, obrazovanje, selo-grad, stranačka i etnička pripadnost) i socio-psihološkim karakteristikama (zainteresovanost za politiku, način informisanja o politici, povjerenje u institucije, dogmatizam, nacionalizam, kosmopolitizam, cilj opravdava sredstvo, odnos prema vođi, konzervativizam, konzervativistička autoritarnost i liberalizam). Istraživanje je provedeno u prvoj polovini marta 2013. godine na uzorku od 483 punoljetne žene koje ne planiraju da glasaju na predstojećim izborima, a koje su u posljednjih šest godina (tri izborna ciklusa) nekad glasale, a nekad ne, glasale su, ali više neće, ili nikad nisu glasale. Pošli smo od pretpostavke da će različiti modaliteti političke apstinencije da se razlikuju s obzirom na mjerene varijable. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se tri kategorije apstinentica razlikuju po pojedinim sociodemografskim varijablama: starost, obrazovanje, etnička i stranačka pripadnost i vjerska ubjeđenja. Ispitanice se međusobno razlikuju i zainteresovanošću za politiku. Najveće interesovanje nalazimo kod ispitanica koje manipulišu svojim izlaskom na izbore, a slijede one koje su se razočarale u izbore, dok je zainteresovanost za politiku najmanja kod ispitanica koje uopšte ne glasaju na izborima. Televizija je još uvijek dominantan medij za informisanje o političkim dešavanjima, dok su na drugom i trećem mjestu dnevne novine i radio, ali su znatno manje uticajni. Ipak, između tri kategorije apstinentica nalazimo značajne razlike samo kod televizije i radija. Tri kategorije apstinentica se međusobno razlikuju samo po varijablama kosmopolitizam i liberalizam. Prisutna je i razlika između apstinentica po njihovom povjerenju u institucije. Najviše povjerenja u institucije nalazimo kod ispitanica koje nekad izlaze, a nekad ne izlaze na izbore, slijede ispitanice koje su glasale, ali više neće. Najmanje povjerenja u institucije nalazimo kod ispitanica koje nikad ne glasaju.
