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This article presents an attempt to define the framework and the possible guidelines for analyzing the influence of professional education on social stratification given the current conditions of social reality.

The author points out that the structural changes in all social institutions (including professional education and the labor market), the fluidity and dynamism of modern social reality, and conserving a dichotomy of fluidity when speaking of the Russian context – rigidity, the expansion and inflation of professional education combined with the preservation of inequality when it comes to implementing educational trajectories – all of this makes studying the connection between social stratification, professional education and social mobility ever the more relevant.

Researchers face the following acute questions: what sort of role is played by professional education in promoting or restricting an individual's social mobility? How has the expansion and inflation of education redefined the selection and allocation of human capital? In which way does the connection change between social stratification, professional education and social mobility, what are the foundations, the sociological study tradition and the theoretical-methodological prospects for the future?

In order to find answers, the author examines both traditional theoretical-methodological approaches, and ones that are new to sociology of education.

The article substantiates the notion that structural-functional theory does not possess a comprehensive explanatory potential in the study of the socio-structural role of professional education in regards to social mobility. The author substantiates the following thesis from a conflict analysis standpoint: democratizing access to professional education does not mean the reduction of class inequality or the emergence of a society of equal opportunity. Within the paradigm of an activity-related approach in sociology of education, where education is viewed not just as a separate social institution, but as part of a larger system of social action and social inequality, the definitive role of motivation and proactiveness is emphasized, with them producing a positive effect when it comes to attaining higher professional status.

The accelerating rate of change in society, the multidimensionality and polyvariance in implementing educational and professional trajectories in modern society indicate the need for a multidimensional evaluation of social mobility. In regards to the topic of education, and when it comes to analyzing the implementation of educational trajectories, professional education represents a vital condition and a necessary prerequisite for an individual to exercise social mobility both in terms of objective and subjective coordinates of mobility, and in regards to research methods and methodology, this demands synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and, consequently, opens up new opportunities for interpreting results and perceiving social reality.

"It's time to level up your career as a creative entrepreneur-but you don't have to do it alone! From identifying your big idea to gaining financial independence and growing your business, this handbook will help make your brilliant vision a reality. Art industry veterans Ekaterina Popova and Alicia Puig-the dynamic duo behind Create! Magazine and art gallery PxP Contemporary-started their businesses from the ground up, learning best practices along their road to success, and they've filled The Creative Business Handbook with all their tips and resources. Kat and Alicia will walk you through the process of building a brand in today's fast-changing landscape, offering lessons from their diverse experience in the industry, numerous practical guides and ideas, and steady encouragement as you chart your own course. Divided into six chapters, each focusing on different stages of building and sustaining a business, the handbook also features exclusive interviews with inspirational founders, including Colossal's Christopher Jobson, Danielle Krysa (The Jealous Curator), and award-winning contemporary art advisor Maria Brito. Get ready to be your own boss, whether you're an aspiring artist, writer, designer, event organizer, consultant, curator, or any other sort of creative visionary!"--

Die Autorin untersucht am Fallbeispiel Estland ethnosprachliche Konfliktkonstellationen sowie Ursachen für deren mögliche gewaltsame Austragung. Den Fokus ihrer Studie legt sie dabei auf die Beziehungen zwischen der estnischen und der russischen Bevölkerungsgruppe – den beiden größten ethnischen Gruppen des Landes – im Prozess der Wiederherstellung der Staatlichkeit Estlands nach der Auflösung der Sowjetunion. Zu diesem Zweck rekonstruiert und analysiert die Autorin die historisch-spezifische Genese dieser Beziehungen. Auf der Grundlage empirischer Untersuchungen ermöglicht sie Einblicke in die subjektiven Sicht- und Verhaltensweisen der Betroffenen. Das Buch leistet somit einen Beitrag zur aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Diskussion um ethnische und ethnosprachliche Konflikte

The effectiveness of drug penetration into the inner tissues of the eye is signi cantly limited by the barrier effect of the cornea and by the washing out of a drug with tear uid. To increase the bioavailability of the drug, it was proposed to include the drug in chitosan particles formed by two types of chitosan - 5 kDa chitosan and 72 kDa glycol-chitosan. Chitosan particles with incorporated angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat, capable to reduce intraocular pressure, were characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Particles formed by 5 kDa chitosan had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 85-125 nm and a positive ζ-potential of +21±3 mV, while particles formed by 72 kDa glycol-chitosan were 440-480 nm by size and had ζ-potential of +10±2 mV. The percentage of inclusion of enalaprilat in chitosan particles was 25% and 40%, respectively. In vivo experiments have shown that the inclusion of the drug in chitosan particles increased the retention time of enalaprilat in the lacrimal uid of rabbits.

The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.61 ; Observational data show that the Arctic Ocean has significantly and rapidly changed over the last few decades, which is unprecedented in the observational record. Air and water temperatures have increased, sea ice volume and extent have decreased, permafrost has thawed, storminess has increased, sea level has risen, coastal erosion has progressed, and biological processes have become more complex and diverse. In addition, there are socio-economic impacts of Arctic environmental change on Arctic residents and the world, associated with tourism, oil and gas exploration, navigation, military operations, trade, and industry. This paper discusses important results of the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, which is advancing the role of numerical modeling in Arctic Ocean and sea ice research by stimulating national and international synergies for high-latitude research. ; This research is supported by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, awards ARC-0804010, ARC-80630600, ARC-81284800 and ARC-82486400.

Not Available ; Many coastal communities rely on living marine resources for livelihoods and food security. These resources are commonly under stress from overfishing, pollution, coastal development and habitat degradation. Climate change is an additional stressor beginning to impact coastal systems and communities, but may also lead to opportunities for some species and the people they sustain. We describe the research approach for a multi-country project, focused on the southern hemisphere, designed to contribute to improving fishing community adaptation efforts by characterizing, assessing and predicting the future of coastal-marine food resources, and codeveloping adaptation options through the provision and sharing of knowledge across fast-warming marine regions (i.e. marine 'hotspots'). These hotspots represent natural laboratories for observing change and concomitant human adaptive responses, and for developing adaptation options and management strategies. Focusing on adaptation options and strategies for enhancing coastal resilience at the local level will contribute to capacity building and local empowerment in order to minimise negative outcomes and take advantage of opportunities arising from climate change. However, developing comparative approaches across regions that differ in political institutions, socio-economic community demographics, resource dependency and research capacity is challenging. Here, we describe physical, biological, social and governance tools to allow hotspot comparisons, and several methods to evaluate and enhance interactions within a multi-nation research team. Strong partnerships within and between the focal regions are critical to scientific and political support for development of effective approaches to reduce future vulnerability. Comparing these hotspot regions will enhance local adaptation responses and generate outcomes applicable to other regions. ; Not Available

Marine legislation is becoming more complex and marine ecosystem-based management is specified in national and regional legislative frameworks. Shelf-seas community and ecosystem models (hereafter termed ecosystem models) are central to the delivery of ecosystem-based management, but there is limited uptake and use of model products by decision makers in Europe and the UK in comparison with other countries. In this study, the challenges to the uptake and use of ecosystem models in support of marine environmental management are assessed using the UK capability as an example. The UK has a broad capability in marine ecosystem modelling, with at least 14 different models that support management, but few examples exist of ecosystem modelling that underpin policy or management decisions. To improve understanding of policy, and management issues that can be addressed using ecosystem models, a workshop was convened that brought together advisors, assessors, biologists, social scientists, economists, modellers, statisticians, policy makers, and funders. Some policy requirements that can be addressed without further model development were identified including: attribution of environmental change to underlying drivers, integration of models and observations to develop more efficient monitoring programmes, assessment of indicator performance for different management goals, and the costs and benefit of legislation. Multi-model ensembles are being developed in cases where many models exist, but model structures are very diverse making a standardised approach of combining outputs a significant challenge, and there is need for new methodologies for describing, analysing, and visualising uncertainties. A stronger link to social and economic systems is needed to increase the range of policy-related questions that can be addressed. It is also important to improve communication between policy and modelling communities so that there is a shared understanding of strengths and limitations of ecosystem models.