Suchergebnisse

The growth of orbital space debris is both a consequence of and a potential hindrance to space activities. The risks posed by space debris propagation in the most used orbital regions highlight the need to adequately address the challenges posed to the sustainability in outer space. The preservation of the access to and usability of outer space in the long-term requires that action is taken which has to be the result of both mitigation and remediation measures for existing and future space missions. As the enforcement of such technical measures will depend on adequate regulation, they need to be approached also from a legal perspective. The deficiencies in law for space debris remediation mechanisms originate from the fact that although technical concepts have been developed, the legal framework for space activities does not impose any legal obligations for debris removal and on-orbit servicing. Nevertheless, an overview of the relevant legal framework shows that there is a legal basis for the protection of the outer space environment which can, as has already been the case with space debris mitigation guidelines, be substantiated in more concrete terms by the formulation of voluntary, non-binding instruments and included in national legislation.

Telecommunications activities are based on the use of the satellite segment which represents the largest sector in the space industry, generating revenues of hundreds of billions of dollars annually and constantly growing. The article seeks to answer the question of whether investments made for the realization of telecommunications activities can enjoy protection under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) by taking into consideration the scope of financial contributions involved, the significant duration of a telecommunications project from planning to operating a satellite in outer space, and the generally inevitable involvement of more than one national legislation for the implementation of the activity. Through investigating the cross-sections and pitch points between international space law and investment law and looking at all phases of satellite-based telecommunications projects, the article demonstrates that investment law can be applied to space activities and that BITs may provide favorable protection standards for investors.

Ot redaktorov -- Predislovie k tomu II -- Predislovie professora, I.B. Porokhina -- Predislovie Ė.L. Morozovoĭ -- Annotat︠s︡ii︠a︡ perevodchikov Kommentarii︠a︡ -- Spisok avtorov -- Spisok dokumentov -- Spisok sudenbnykh del -- Abbreviatury i sokrashenii︠a︡ -- Razvitie kosmicheskogo prava -- Soglashenie o spasenii kosmonavtov, vosvrashchenii kosmonavtov i vozvrashcheni obʺektov, zapushchennykh v kosmicheskoe prostranstvo (Soglashenie o spasenii) -- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ o mezhdunarodnoĭ otvetstvennosti za ushcherb, prichinënnyĭ kosmicheskimi obʺektami, 1972 goda (Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ ob otvetstvennosti) -- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ o registrat︠s︡ii obʺektov, zapuskaemykh v kosmicheskoe prostranstvo, 1975 goda (Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ o registrat︠s︡ii) -- Soglashenie o dei︠a︡telnosti gosudarstv an Lune i drugikh nebesnykh telakh 1979 goda (Soglashine o Lune).