Suchergebnisse

AbstractMore than 800,000 people were exiled to Siberia during the nineteenth century. Exile was a complex administrative arrangement that involved differentiated flows of exiles and, in the view of the central authorities, contributed to the colonization of Siberia. This article adopts the "perspective from the colonies" and analyses the local dimension of exile to Siberia. First, it underscores the conflicted nature of the practice by highlighting the agency of the local administrators and the multitude of tensions and negotiations that the maintenance of exile involved. Secondly, by focusing on the example of the penal site of Tobolsk, where exile and imprisonment overlapped, I will elucidate the uneasy relationship between those two penal practices during Russian prison reform. In doing so, I will re-evaluate the position of exile in relation to both penal and governance practice in Imperial Russia.

This article explores the advance of the prison reform in the Russian Empire. It examines the governmental department that was the driver of this reform, the Main Prison Administration, and focuses on its policy in the domain of the forced labour of prisoners. Two types of forced labour are of particular interest here. One is the traditional hard penal labour, or katorga, and the other is the obligatory labour for the prisoners serving shorter terms. I outline here how this second type of labour came to play the decisive role in the discourse on punishment in the late imperial period, what kind of conceptions supported it, and how it was implemented throughout the empire.

This article is a primary exploration of memory about deportations from theWestern borderlands of the Soviet Union, and particularly from Lithuania, in the 1940s. Its aim is to pinpoint the main issues and to give a general overview of questions for further research. In the first place, I analyze the specific traits of memory on deportation and offer a short overview of the history of forced displacement in the USSR. The central point of the article is an analysis of the stories told by former Lithuanian deportees. They were interviewed in the course of the project "European Memories of the Gulag" (http://museum.gulagmemories.eu) and provided valuable – if often contradictory – insights on ways of coping with and remembering the experience of being uprooted.Such testimonies provide a solid starting point for research on the memory of deportation that could challenge the homogenizing view of state-produced sources about forced displacement. In conclusion, possible theoretical approaches to the study of this memory are suggested.

AbstractAlthough a crucial element of imperial architecture, non-metropolitan penal colonies remain relatively understudied, compared with the richness of historical scholarship on modern prison systems in Western Europe and its offshoots. Complementing the perspective chosen in the recentInternational Review of Social HistorySpecial Issue 26, "Transportation, Deportation and Exile: Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries", the four articles in this Special Theme propose an additional angle of investigation of the role of convicts in the incorporation of new territories into colonial empires. The authors place sites of punishment, rather than flows of convicts, at the core of their reflection, and provide a close-up analysis of circulations of information and people across the borders of penal sites on various scales: local, trans-regional, and international. They problematize the notion of "border", and consider it as a vantage point that leads to a new conceptualization of the penal colony as a system that expands in its surroundings and, in turn, assimilates external political, social, and economic stimuli. Relying on several distinct methodological approaches, the authors foreground the specificities of colonial punishment and demonstrate how punishment became part of the creation and maintenance of power inequalities between the colonies and the metropoles.

This book examines the history of women s labour struggles in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond from a long-term and transregional perspective. The contributions collected here address various social movements, an array of agendas and repertoires of activism, as well as political alliances and conflicts