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This study aimed to determine if: 1) C-reactive protein (CRP) level correlated with PTSD symptom severity as measured by PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5), and 2) ketone supplement reduced PTSD symptoms. Twenty participants with PTSD were randomly assigned to a ketone supplementation or placebo group and evaluated for 6-weeks for PTSD symptom severity and CRP levels. The Spearman Rank correlation between PCL-5 and CRP was positive, but not statistically significant. Mixed models on the ranks of the data were used to examine the difference in PCL-5 and CRP between ketone and control groups over time. Median PCL-5 at the pre-test was higher than at the post-test in the ketone group but not in the control. The reduction of PCL-5 medians between ketone and control groups at the post-test was not different. The median pre-test CRP was not different from than post-test in the ketone group or control group. This pilot study did not find a correlation between CRP levels and PTSD symptom severity but was limited by a lack of CRP data collection due to the loss of follow-up. PTSD symptom severity was not altered by 6 weeks of chronic ketone salt supplementation compared to the control group but should be examined in a larger sample size for further verification.

"In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop to explore the basic and translational research needs for population health science, and to discuss specific research priorities and actions to foster population health improvement. The workshop was designed to provide frameworks for understanding population health research and its role in shaping and having an effect on population health, identify individual and institutional facilitators and challenges regarding the production, communication, and use of research for population health improvement, and identify key areas for future research critical to the advancement of population health improvement. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop"--

Decreasing the rise of extremism remains a priority for governments worldwide. Motives behind joining an extremist organisation are complex and often unique to the individual, making prevention strategies difficult to design and implement. This article explores several facets of this complex problem, particularly in relation to young adults, including links between extremism, criminality and incarceration, mental health, socioeconomic status and the rise of radicalisation 'hotspots' in Muslim majority states in the Western Balkans, where lack of government leadership allows extremist organisations to flourish. Potential counter radicalisation measures are also discussed in various contexts, including healthcare systems, the community, internationally and within the Balkan region.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Population Health in the United States -- 3 Policy-Relevant Evidence for Population Health: Promise and Challenges -- 4 Effective Population Health Policy and Science: Finding Common Ground -- 5 Closing Remarks -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Symposium Agenda -- Appendix C: Biosketches of Speakers and Moderators.

Intro -- Front Matter -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context -- 3 Establishing Equitable Terms for Data Sharing -- 4 Exploring the Ethical Imperative for Data Sharing -- 5 Enabling Data Discoverability, Linkage, and Re-use -- 6 Next Steps: Maximizing the Use of Data to Improve Public Health -- Appendix A Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B Participants

Intro -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Boxes, Figures, and Table -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Setting the Stage -- 3 Regional Perspectives from the South -- 4 Regional Perspectives from the Midwest -- 5 Regional Perspectives from the Northeast -- 6 Regional Perspectives from the West -- 7 Reflections on the Day -- A References -- B Workshop Agenda -- C Biosketches of Presenters and Moderators.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Boxes, Figures, and Table -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rural America in Context -- 3 Rural Health Vital Signs -- 4 Rural Health Care in Action -- 5 Assessment and Implementation Strategies for Improving the Health of Rural Populations -- 6 Rural Health Policy -- Appendix A: Speaker and Planning Committee Member Biosketches -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: References.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Relationship Between Education and Health -- 3 Exploring the Role of the Health Sector in Supporting Educational Success and Improving Outcomes -- 4 Case Examples of Health-Education Collaboration to Improve Specific Educational Outcomes -- 5 Exploring Policy Issues and Opportunities -- 6 Reflections on the Day -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Presenters and Moderators.

Front Matter -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- 2. California Wildfires: Past and Future -- 3. Populations Impacted by Wildfires -- 4. Effects of Wildfires on Human Health -- 5. The Trials of Recovery -- 6. Enhancing Operational Response -- 7. The Impact of Mitigation and Preparedness -- 8. Reflections on the Workshop -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop Statement of Task -- Appendix B. Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C. Speaker and Planning Committee Biosketches

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Understanding the Basics of Tax Policy and State Budgets -- 3 Creating a Pipeline of Financing for Population Health: Exploring Sin Taxes and Tax Credits -- 4 Designing Sound Population Health Tax Policy: Small Group Activity -- 5 Informing Sound Population Health Tax Policy in the Current Environment -- 6 Reflections on the Day -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: Small Group Exercise Materials -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators.

Intro -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Boxes, Figures, and Table -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Community-Driven Approaches to Building Healthy Communities -- 3 Improving Health Through Equitable Transformative Community Change -- 4 Engaging Communities in Building a Culture of Health -- 5 Building and Sustaining Equitable Community Partnerships -- 6 Reflections on the Workshop -- A References -- B Workshop Agenda -- C Communities of Solution: A Working Model Based on Scale and Community Bright Spots Developed by 100 Million Healthier Lives1 -- D Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches.

Introduction -- Defining criminal justice involvement on individuals, families, and communities -- Criminal justice involvement and health -- Asking criminal justice involvement questions -- Measuring criminal justice contact and incarceration experience in health surveys -- Alternative approaches to criminal justice measurement -- Key themes and possible next steps -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical sketches of steering Committee members and speakers -- Committee on National Statistics.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Boxes and Figures -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Setting the Stage -- 3 Places: Where Youth Confront Health Literacy Challenges and Develop Skills -- 4 People: Research and Lessons from Addressing Specific Populations' Health Literacy Needs -- 5 Partnerships and Community: Working with Youth and Their Communities to Address Their Health Literacy Needs -- 6 Reflections on the Workshop -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Moderators, Speakers, and Panelists.