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Abstract: We present data from 4 lesbian and 5 gay male same‐sex couples who have been together 20 years or more. Couples included those legally married and unmarried, with and without children, and were interviewed within the first year legalized same‐sex marriage was enacted in Massachusetts. Using life course theory and case study methodology, we investigate supports and constraints related to relationship longevity and how these factors influence the couples' responses to the option of legal marriage decades into their relationships. Seven out of 9 couples married immediately or soon after legalization. The two who did not marry reaffirmed and maintained their commitment. Results are discussed in light of theory and practice within the context of a period of historic change.

The Cultural Formulation (CF) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) provides a potential framework for improving the diagnostic assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in culturally diverse patients. We analyzed data from the Patient-Provider Encounter Study, a multi-site study that examines the process of diagnosis and clinical decision-making during an initial clinical intake session, in order to examine use of CF for PTSD diagnosis. We find that while the CF is generally used inconsistently or underutilized in routine community settings, when employed appropriately it may assist the formulation and interpretation of traumatic experiences. We discuss the implications for improving the assessment of PTSD in the time-limited setting of the clinical intake encounter and across race/ethnicity.

Opportunity to participate in an out-of-school time program may be a meaningful support mechanism towards school success and healthy development for immigrant and refugee children. This study extends existing research on best practices by examining the on-the-ground experiences of supporting immigrant and refugee youth in out-of-school time programs. Findings from semi-structured interviews with program directors in 17 Massachusetts and New Hampshire programs suggest a number of program strategies that were responsive to the needs of immigrant and refugee students, including support for the use of native language as well as English, knowing about and celebrating the heritage of the students' homeland, including on staff or in leadership individuals with shared immigrant background, and giving consideration to the academic priorities of parents. The development of such intentional approaches to working with immigrant and refugee youth during the out-of-school time hours will encourage enrollment of, and enhance effectiveness with, this vulnerable population.

This article presents a new scale to measure adolescent boys'internalization of masculine norms as evidenced by their attitudes and beliefs about what constitutes appropriate behavior for males within interpersonal relationships. Framing masculinity ideology within a relational paradigm, the theoretical foundations of the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale (AMIRS) emphasize that it is through and within relationships that masculine norms become personally meaningful and directly consequential to adolescent boys. Designed specifically for use with adolescents, the AMIRS derives from adolescent boys'narratives about their perceptions and experiences of masculinity, particularly in their peer relationships. Correlation and regression analyses indicate a negative association between the AMIRS and self-esteem, suggesting the double-edged sword of masculinity. That is, despite the advantages of status, alignment with hegemonic masculinity may hinder adolescent boys' psychological health, for instance, by limiting the ways that they are able to express themselves and engage in their interpersonal relationships.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I. Identity Development -- 1. Hmong American Masculinities -- 2. Frames of Self -- 3. Boys in Men's Clothing -- 4. A Relational Perspective on Adolescent Boys' Identity Development -- Part II. Family Relationships -- 5. Experiences of Trust with Parents -- 6. Psychological Well-Being, School Adjustment, and Problem Behavior among Chinese Adolescent Boys from Poor Families -- 7. The Role of Father Support in the Prediction of Suicidal Ideation among Black Adolescent Males -- Part III. Friends and Peers -- 8. Intimacy, Desire, and Distrust in the Friendships of Adolescent Boys -- 9. Peer Relationships among Chinese Boys -- 10. The Influence of Peer Experiences on Bravado Attitudes among African American Males -- Part IV. Sexuality and Romantic Relationships -- 11. Getting Close, Staying Cool -- 12. Adolescent Boys' Heterosexual Behavior -- 13. Boy-on-Boy Sexuality -- Part V. Schooling -- 14. Immigrant Boys' Experiences in U.S. Schools -- 15. Understanding the Exceptions -- 16. From Preschool to Middle School -- About the Contributors -- Index