Suchergebnisse

La depresión mayor presenta una prevalencia mayor de la esperada en la provincia de Granada. La crisis económica y las características intrínsecas a la población de estudio podrían estar relacionadas con estas diferencias, si bien las diferencias metodológicas impiden una comparación directa de los resultados. El score de riesgo genético desarrollado es un paso más hacia la caracterización genética de los trastornos mentales. Aunque queda un largo camino para que esta tecnología pueda ser aplicada tanto en contextos de salud pública como en la práctica clínica, en el futuro podría tener importantes aplicaciones en la determinación del riesgo genético de sufrir trastornos mentales. En el conjunto de la población andaluza, la prevalencia fue mayor de la esperada y ligeramente superior a la de la provincia de Granada. La crisis económica, principalmente a través del desempleo, puede estar detrás de esta elevada prevalencia, especialmente si tenemos en cuenta que el desempleo fue uno de los factores psicosociales asociados a la depresión mayor en Andalucía. La elevada comorbilidad entre la depresión mayor y las enfermedades físicas crónicas hace necesario un abordaje más completo del paciente en la práctica clínica, así como una adecuada coordinación entre los distintos servicios. El bajo porcentaje de sujetos con depresión mayor que recibe tratamiento antidepresivo puede estar indicando un infradiagnóstico. Con respecto a las variables antropométricas, las diferencias de género en la asociación de la depresión con la obesidad apuntan a la importancia de los factores psicosociales en esta relación. Las distintas exigencias y estándares de belleza impuestas al sexo femenino pueden derivar en pérdida de autoestima y alteraciones en la imagen corporal. El ejercicio físico podría ser una herramienta útil en la prevención y tratamiento de la depresión mayor, evitando los efectos secundarios derivados de los tratamientos tradicionales. ; Major depresion is a highly prevalent condition in the Granada population, affecting just over 1 in every 20 people at the time data were collected. Prevalence in this area is higher than expected considering previous reports in the Spanish population Reasons for this increased prevalence may be related to the effects of the economic crisis that struck the region with particular strength around the time our data were collected. The negative effects of the economic crisis on the mental health of the Spanish population have been explored in a number of studies, and one of them found that suicide rates had increased abruptly in Andalusia after the crisis. Unemployment is thought to mediate this association. Asociación between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism. In the whole Andalusian population, prevalence of major depresion was slightly higher than that of Granada. Both figures are higher than those found in most of the previous community-based mental health surveys carried out in Spain. The economic recession and the cultural idiosyncrasies of the region may help explain this result, although methodological differences preclude a direct comparison of our results with those of previous studies. Major depresion is associated with poorer health status, obesity and chronic physical conditions. The low rate of antidepressant treatment may be indicating an underdiagnosis in the clinical practice. An adequate coordination between different medical departments is needed to grant the best possible mental and physical healthcare. ; Tesis Univ. Granada. ; This study was partially financed with a subsidy from the Department of Economy, Innovation and Science of the Regional Government of Andalusia (10-CTS-6682). ; This study has received financial support by: Carlos III (ISCIII PI16/01852), Delegaci on del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional de Drogas (20151073), American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (LSRG-1-005-16), Comunidad de Madrid (Actividades I + D en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3740, AGES-CM 2CM) and Structural Funds of the European Union.

Background: Major depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability. Up-to-date information about the epidemiology of this disorder is key to health care planning. Aim: The aim of our study is to report prevalence and correlates of current major depressive disorder (MDD) in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Methods: The GranadΣp is a cross-sectional study based on a community-dwelling adult population living in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Community-dwelling adults aged 18–80 years ( n = 810) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A variety of exposure assessments were also undertaken. Results: Point (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in the Granada population was 5.6%. Positive family history of mental illness, high degree of neuroticism, high number of life threatening events (LTE), poor physical health status, cognitive impairment and cannabis use were independently associated with MDD in the multivariate regression model. Being female was also associated with MDD, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for neuroticism and physical health. Conclusion: Prevalence of MDD in the Granada population is higher than expected. The effects of the financial crisis could be partially accountable for this excess in prevalence. Six variables were found to be independently associated with MDD. Association between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism.

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of the population. The lockdown period in Spain – from March 14 to June 21, 2020 – was particularly stressful. This study aims to examine the differences in visits to the emergency department for psychiatric reasons before and during the lockdown period in a hospital in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain), which has a catchment area of 431,183 inhabitants. We hope that this study can contribute to the understanding of this difficult period in our recent history and help us to be prepared in case of new social emergencies that may affect the mental health of the general population. Aims: This study aims to examine the differences in ER visits due to psychiatric reasons before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in a province hospital in Spain. Methods: We compared the n = 1,599 visits to the emergency room and their characteristics before (June 13 to March 13, 2020) and during (March 14 to June 21, 2020) the lockdown period in the province of Lerida, Spain. Data were obtained from the electronic health records. Information collected included sociodemographic variables, reason for consultation, previous diagnosis, and characteristics of suicidal ideation and attempts – including history of previous suicidal behavior, method, days spent in the ER, suicide reattempts at 6-month follow-up. Results: Before lockdown, there were an average of 11.2 psychiatric emergencies per day compared with 9.2 psychiatric emergencies per day during lockdown. Regarding suicidal behavior, before lockdown, there were an average of 0.9 suicide attempts before lockdown compared with 0.7 attempts per day during lockdown. Limitations: Since the data came from the electronic health records, we have relied on the clinical diagnosis made by different psychiatrists. Also, we did not record psychiatric comorbidities, but instead only registered one main Axis I diagnosis and one main Axis II diagnosis. Conclusions: We observed a decrease in the number of visits to the ER in general, as well as a lower frequency of patients with suicidal behavior during the first and only lockdown period in Spain, which occurred during the initial months of the pandemic. This is consistent with previous studies showing a reduction of suicidal behavior during periods of social emergency. However, this decrease could be only temporary, and several authors predict an increase of suicidal behavior in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. Ensuring access to mental healthcare during periods of crisis is crucial for the population.