In flood-driven environments the life cycles of organisms are regulated in function of the water regime. The objective of this work is to analyse the phenophases of flowering and fructification of two species of amphibious aquatic macrophytes, Polygonum hispidum Kunth and P. punctatum Elliott, with regard to the flooding cycle of the Brazilian Pantanal. We collected monthly data in 26 plots of 20 ponds during two years. The flooding phases were classified as drought, rising, flood, and receding. The periods with an abundance of water (rising, flooding, and receding) were the most important for reproduction. Both species bear fruits at flood, when the water is deepest and remains until receding, and most seeds are dispersed. The synchrony between reproductive cycles and these flood phases suggests the importance of seasonality in the reproductive patterns of these species.
O Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor de patógenos causadores da Dengue, Zika vírus, Chikungunya e Febre Amarela. O uso de produtos químicos ao longo do tempo ocasionou a resistência e seleção de populações do mosquito, o que tem contribuído para epidemias de arboviroses. Nesse contexto, a ciência vem buscando alternativas promissoras de controle vetorial em substâncias naturais extraídas de plantas da biodiversidade brasileira, entre elas, a flora do Cerrado, o segundo maior bioma do Brasil. Por estar localizado em regiões sob forte influência sazonal, as plantas do Cerrado tem recebido atenção em pesquisas científicas de seus compostos com propriedades bioativas. Este estudo revisou a literatura científica em busca de estudos que investigaram as propriedades larvicida de plantas do Cerrado contra o Ae. Aegypti, bem como seus compostos bioativos. Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas Science Direct, Web of Science, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed e Google Scholar, utilizando descritores em inglês, seguidos de seus termos em português, Aedes aegypti (Aedes aegypti), Plant Extracts (Extratos de Plantas), Insecticides (Inseticidas), Phytochemicals (Compostos Fitoquímicos), Larva (Larva), utilizando operadores booleanos de AND/OR. Diante da análise dos 24 estudos elegíveis, constatamos que as plantas do Cerrado são abundantes em substâncias bioativas, como compostos fenólicos e terpenóides, com possíveis mecanismos de ação no desenvolvimento larval do inseto. A investigação das espécies requer estudo minucioso do perfil químico para identificar os compostos responsáveis pela ação, bem como a toxicidade em organismos fora do alvo para a segurança do produto. Palavras-chave: Aedes aegypti; Extratos de Plantas; Inseticidas; Fitoquímicos; Larva. Abstract Aedes aegypti is the main vector of pathogens causing Dengue, Zika virus, Chikungunya and Yellow Fever. The use of chemicals over time has caused resistance and selection of mosquito populations, which has contributed to epidemics of arboviruses. In this context, science has been seeking promising alternatives of vector control in natural substances extracted from plants of Brazilian biodiversity, among them, the flora of the Cerrado, the second largest biome in Brazil. Because it is located in regions under strong seasonal influence, cerrado plants have received attention in scientific research of their compounds with bioactive properties. This study reviewed the scientific literature in search of studies that investigated the larvicidal properties of Cerrado plants against Ae. Aegypti, as well as its bioactive compounds. The electronic databases Science Direct, Web of Science, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar were consulted, using descriptors in English, followed by their terms in Portuguese, Aedes aegypti (Aedes aegypti), Plant Extracts (Plant Extracts), Insecticides (Insecticides), Phytochemicals (Phytochemical Compounds), Larva (Larva), using Boolean and/OR operators. In view of the analysis of the 24 eligible studies, we found that cerrado plants are abundant in bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds and terpenoids, with possible mechanisms of action in the larval development of the insect. The investigation of the species requires a thorough study of the chemical profile to identify the compounds responsible for the action, as well as toxicity in off-target organisms for product safety. Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Plant Extracts; Insecticides; Phytochemicals; Larva.
In this first report on the flora of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. palm swamps in the Pantanal wetland of Brazil, we surveyed and compared the angiosperm flora of eight areas of palm swamps in the Pantanal plain to determine if they correspond to veredas. Studied areas were four sites near the upland in Rio Verde and Coxim, and four in the Parque Estadual do Pantanal do Rio Negro, Aquidauana, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To determine species similarity, we compared our results with inventories of aquatic plants of the Pantanal and of species of veredas in the state. Using the wandering method, we recorded a total of 385 species of phanerogams. Species richness was higher in Rio Verde/Coxim (273 species) than in Rio Negro (243 species), with a similarity of 33.7%. We found a rare and endemic plant, Polygala grazielae Marques, first record in the Pantanal. We found that both sites correspond to two types of palm swamps but with different floras. The species associated with M. flexuosa in the park are much the same as those of seasonally flooding grasslands of the Pantanal, while on the edge of the plain many species are common to the upland true veredas, particularly on organic soil. Thus, we conclude that the Rio Verde/Coxim areas are true veredas. These palm swamps and veredas in the Pantanal should receive the same legal protection as the veredas in Cerrado.
The aim of this paper is to study temporal variations in vegetation indices as a tool for monitoring the integral protection conservation units (parks, reserves, and ecological stations) in the Brazilian Pantanal, giving support to environmental management actions in these areas. The study was carried out in five conservation units. Evaluated data, beside the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), included information on wildfires and deforestation. Analyses showed that the Taiamã Ecological Station, the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park, and the Encontro das Águas State Park presented high vegetation indices, showing their effectiveness as areas of environmental protection. Although this latter state park presented one fire hotspot in 2015, there was significant improvement in this park. The Guirá State Park and the Pantanal of Rio Negro State Park presented relatively low NDVI values when compared with other analysed areas. The aggravating factor was that in the Rio Negro park 36 fire hotspots occurred in 2007, demonstrating the need for more vigorous monitoring and management of this protected area.
Our objective was to inventory the flora of aquatic macrophytes and their life forms, and to determine the species similarity in different water bodies. Sampling of the vegetation was carried out in 333 plots of 0.5 x 0.5 m along ten transect lines on a boat to best cover the studied areas. Poaceae (18.9%), Cyperaceae (9.4%), Fabaceae, Onagraceae, and Pontederiaceae (7.5% each) were the most represented families. Emergent (56.6%), free floating (20.8%), rooted floating (18.9%), and amphibious (13.2%) were the most common life forms. We observed dissimilarity between most sampled points. We conclude from the inventory of aquatic macrophytes that the most prevalent species are common to other similar physiognomies in the Pantanal and the prevalent life forms corroborate the importance of flood in this environment, since they are typical of plants adapted to the flooded and dry transition. Even though the species richness is comparable to other areas, the plant communities inventoried separately are heterogeneous and respond in distinct ways to local environmental conditions.
A perícia brasileira raramente utiliza a botânica devido à falta de especialistas nesta ciência para sua aplicação em casos reais. Apesar das vantagens, a palinologia forense ainda não é utilizada por especialistas brasileiros por não haver um protocolo padrão para ela. Nós relatamos um protocolo eficiente e rápido para amostragem de grãos de pólen coletados na pele de cadáveres. Oito cadáveres foram analisados. Com o uso de algodão e algumas gotas de glicerina, os corpos foram esfregados. Algumas precauções de segurança foram tomadas em todas as etapas para evitar qualquer contaminação da amostra de pólen. Foi possível recuperar um total de 134 grãos de pólen dos cadáveres e identificar 16 famílias de plantas. Além da aplicação dessa técnica em casos forenses, o protocolo pode ser usado em outras aplicações Palinológicas, uma vez que esfregar algodão em uma superfície, objeto ou animal pode ser uma maneira fácil de capturar grãos de pólen.
Sociedade Botanica do Brasil ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; PROBIP/UEG ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Processo FAPESP: 2015/13112-7 ; Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future.
ABSTRACT Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future.
Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future.
Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future.
ABSTRACT Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future.
International audience ; Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland.
International audience ; Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland.
International audience ; Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland.