Suchergebnisse

London's population became increasing more diverse ethnically over the decade 2001–2011, a period when the White population declined, with many commentators suggesting that there has been 'White flight' from some districts in the face of 'invasion' by members of ethnic minority groups. To examine how extensively the city's ethnic landscape changed during that period – and whether suggestions of the operation of 'invasion and succession processes' are valid – this article reports on statistical mapping of small area data for the two censuses. The results identify clearly-defined, substantial blocks of territory within the urban residential fabric where members of each of the main census respondent self-identified ethnic groups are concentrated. These have expanded outwards, into areas from which the White population has clearly withdrawn, though in most cases the rate of cluster areal expansion has been less than the groups' numerical growth.

Most analyses of ethnic residential segregation in cities rely on single-number indices that pay no attention to the degree of spatial clustering of the areas in which a group is either underrepresented or overrepresented. Recently, local statistical measures have been proposed as a set of approaches to overcome this deficiency. One such method—the Getis–Ord G*—is used to portray patterns of segregation in Auckland, New Zealand. That procedure requires analysts to make a number of judgments about the parameters of the statistics deployed, but also offers greater insights into scale effects in the measurement and delineation of segregation. We examine the information that can be derived from changing two of those parameters—the distance band used to define spatial proximity and the statistical significance of the local statistic—using data on two ethnic groups (Asians and Pacific Islanders) in Auckland. The procedure is also combined with a recently developed approach to measuring absolute segregation levels, thereby giving a fuller picture of both the extent of residential clustering and its intensity for those two groups.

United States metropolitan area data for three ethnic groups—African-Americans, Asians, and Hispanics—are used to explore the dimensions of residential segregation at the 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses at the census tract scale. Although set within Massey and Denton's five-dimensional conceptual schema, the study was unable to replicate their identification of five empirical dimensions that correspond with the conceptual set. Instead, separate analyses for each ethnic group at each of the three censuses suggested two superdimensions: separation and location. These apply across all three groups and three censuses, although the degree of separation varies considerably among the three groups.

Using an alternative conception of ethnic residential segregation, and associated statistical measures, this paper re-examines Simpson's analysis of the situation of South Asians in Bradford. It suggests that, contra Simpson, segregation of that ethnic group did increase over the period 1991-2001, with implications for public policy.

World cities attract two major streams of migrants – those who occupy the upper levels of their occupational hierarchies (the 'globalized professionals') on the one hand and marginalized, low–skill workers on the other. These two groups are often of different ethnic status, and it is argued that multicultural world cities are thus fractured in both their labour and housing markets along ethnic as well as economic lines. There has been little formal testing of these ideas, however. In this introductory article we introduce a method that can be used for comparative studies of residential fragmentation – an index of residential concentration – and apply it to three cities which have experienced rapid, multiethnic immigration in recent decades (New York, Sydney and Auckland). The patterns displayed indicate much greater fragmentation in New York than in the other two cities, suggesting that the 'conventional wisdom' regarding ethnic residential patterns may over–emphasize 'American exceptionalism'.Les villes mondiales attirent deux grands flux de migrants: ceux qui occupent les niveaux supérieurs de leurs hiérarchies professionnelles (les 'experts mondialisés') d'une part, et les travailleurs peu qualifiés et marginalisés, de l'autre; ces deux groupes sont souvent de statut ethnique différent. De ce fait, ces grandes villes multiculturelles subissent, dit–on, une fracture de leurs marchés du travail et du logement selon des critères à la fois ethniques et économiques – affirmations qui ont rarement été mises à l'épreuve. Cet article introductif présente une méthode utilisable dans des études comparatives de fragmentation résidentielle – indice de concentration résidentielle – en l'appliquant à trois villes ayant connu une rapide immigration multiethnique au cours des dernières décennies (New York, Sydney et Auckland). Les modèles obtenus indiquent une fragmentation bien plus importante à New York que dans les deux autres villes, suggérant que la 'croyance populaire'à l'égard des schémas résidentiels ethniques surestime peut–être 'l'exception américaine'.

The residential segregation of ethnic groups in urban areas remains an issue of importance for policy-making in multicultural societies, such as England's, with levels of segregation frequently linked to questions of social exclusion and equal treatment. But how segregated are ethnic groups in England? Most studies answer this question using single indices which address one aspect only of a multidimensional concept. In this paper, an alternative approach is used which identifies residential area types according to the degree of ethnic mixing; we evaluate their relative importance in 18 English cities in the light of Boal and Peach's arguments regarding the processes and patterns involved in segregation. We find little evidence of significant segregation of Black ethnic groups, but more with regard to Asian groups-especially outside London.

Most studies of ethnic segregation in cities use relative measures to create residential area classifications. We argue that absolute measures are better suited to testing theories of spatial separation, and introduce a classification procedure which provides a robust approach to comparative studies, directly linked to the homogeneity – heterogeneity continuum which underpins all studies of segregation. The procedure is illustrated by analyses of the five main ethnic groups in each of the largest cities of Australia, New Zealand, and the USA (Sydney, Auckland, and New York). There are substantial differences among those cities in their ethnic residential patterns, to the extent that these can be clearly established given the other difficulties in cross-national comparative studies (data comparability and the spatial scale of the data units): New York is segmented, Sydney is integrated, and Auckland occupies an intermediate position.