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This article is devoted to consideration of systemic-structural method and two ecological approaches. Both of approaches have restrictions in solving ecological problems. Author tries to summarize both of approaches and to meet a lack of approaches using systemicstructural method and ecoethics.

The article analyzes the social communication functioning. The author accentuates the peculiarities of communicative activity and spiritual culture interrelation, and its manifestation in the modern communicative practices.

Article is devoted to the analysis of a problem of dissociation of the structure of modern philosophical knowledge. Author presents possible approach of the formation of the determinate structure of philosophical knowledge. That is formed in three contemporary trends of philosophy – the hermeneutics, the analytical philosophy and postmodernism, where scientific simulacrum as the uniting beginning comes out.

The article's topic is formation of the artistic world of S. Beckett. Along with such factors of the "education" of the Irish writer as the world of the ideas and novels of D. Joyce, as a close acquaintance with traditions of the French drama and poetics of the "absurd" that he himself formed, the influence of the German culture and literature was an important aspect of his becoming a writer. German literature inspired Beckett by phenomena of the everyday culture, language, and the works and philosophical ideas of such thinkers as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Hölderlin. From them S. Beckett perceived and artistically reflected in his work an idea of a tragic solitude of an artist, his being misunderstood in love, an ironic distance in regard to the very idea of tragedy and the idea of a "superman" as the final stage in the formation of a "true" person. In the German language, Beckett often borrowed both the colloquial racy vocabulary and the structural organization of his works. The author believes that Beckett's interest in intellectually close Schopenhauer and Nietzsche lead him to the theme of antiquity, inseparable from German culture. That is why one can see their common views on such fundamental concepts of existence as the cyclicality and inanition, death of God, solitude.

Introduction. The Civil War in Russia had many dimensions. The general pattern of confrontation arose as a result of the implementation of many local contradictions. The study of the historic situation of the civil strife within the framework of local history opens up new opportunities for assessing the motives of participation in the civil war and the role of class, group, and party contradictions and situational circumstances in this. Methods and materials. The article uses classical research methods. The source base of the research is represented by unpublished and published documents, memoirs, and the press. The sources that came out of the white camp predominate, since the studied territory was under the White Guard jurisdiction. Analysis. The article examines the situation in the Taganrog District of the Don Army Region during 1918–1919. In this district, the peasant population prevailed, unlike the rest of the districts in the Region. The population of the district experienced the administration of various authorities, including the occupying German authorities. Makhno's movement was unfolding in close proximity. As a result of class hostility and the lack of reliable information, the peasantry of the district rose twice: in October 1918 and in March – April 1919. The uprisings were suppressed, and the district became a problem area for the white military command and political leadership. The article shows in detail how these events matured and unfolded. It is shown that the peasantry, not trusting the Cossacks, pinned their hopes on the main political subjects of the Civil War, which were the Reds or the Volunteer Army. Results. The example of the Taganrog District demonstrates many pain points of the Civil War. The most peasant district in the Cossack army, with a large industrial center, was never successfully integrated into the white statehood. Problems of trust, communication, phobias, and unrealized hopes did not allow this to take place. At the same time, the potential for a strong national government in the district was quite clearly manifested.

This article presents a general view and conceptualization of the Internet of Behavior from a social science perspective. The Internet of Behavior (IoB) is defined as a technology for machine monitoring, recognizing, and responding to human behavior (including emotion expression and biometrics). Based on the analysis of a typical case in higher education, the article forms the conceptual outline of social research on IoB by highlighting the types, possible models, and principles of IoB implementation. The study identifies three models of IoB: binary (based on checking the compliance of an individual's behavior with the norm and his or her identification), medical (based on determining the physiological causes of certain human actions), and social (focused on identifying the features of human social behavior in addressing professional or other public problems). Monitoring, summarizing, and evaluating students' social behavior potentially allows the implementation of new models of interaction between universities, employers, and students, based on the digitization and monetization of student engagement in learning and the responsibility of universities for the demand for graduates. The implementation of these models will lead to a profound transformation of higher education, including the digital servitization of education, the reduction of the established gap between knowledge and the social interactions associated with the generation, translation, and assimilation of this knowledge, and the inclusion of individual social behavior associated with professional knowledge in the list of those aspects of society that are subject to digitization and monetization. The basic principles of social IoB, without observance of which this technology can lead to anti-human consequences, are defined: privacy, multivalency of interpretation, continuity, relevance, and reflexivity.