Suchergebnisse

This article revisits the 21-year military dictatorship in Brazil to examine how it shaped subsequent democratic politics after the transition to civilian rule in 1985. In particular, six legacies are analysed. The paper begins by focusing on the relative legitimacy of the Brazilian military regime when compared to other dictatorships in the Southern Cone. The article then examines several variables which impact on the way politics has played out between 1985 and 2014: a high level of continuity of personnel inherited from the military period, an accentuated commitment to civil liberties (as in the Constitution of 1988), a more robust level of political competition compared to the pre-coup years, and a delayed but increasingly meaningful consideration of transitional justice issues. The article concludes by noting how mass mobilization (the street) engendered the collapse of the military regime in 1983-1984, and how this strategy of collective action has been repeated on several occasions under democracy. ; O artigo revisita os 21 anos de ditadura militar no Brasil para entender como o regime militar afetou o desenvolvimento do regime democrático após a transição de 1985. Seis legados específicos serão analisados. O artigo começa por enfocar a legitimidade relativa do regime militar brasileiro quando comparado a outros regimes autoritários no Cone Sul. Em seguida, o artigo examina algumas variáveis que tiveram impacto sobre a trajetória política nacional entre 1985 e 2014: um alto grau de continuidade das elites, um compromisso fortalecido para com os direitos civis (por exemplo, na Constituição Federal de 1988), um nível mais robusto de competição política quando comparado aos anos anterios ao golpe e uma implementação tardia, mas significativa, da justiça de transição. O artigo conclui por observar como a mobilização em massa (a rua) levou ao colapso do regime militar em 1983- 1984, notando que essa estratégia de ação coletiva tem sido repetida em varias ocasiões sob a democracia.

This article revisits the 21-year military dictatorship in Brazil to examine how it shaped subsequent democratic politics after the transition to civilian rule in 1985. In particular, six legacies are analysed. The paper begins by focusing on the relative legitimacy of the Brazilian military regime when compared to other dictatorships in the Southern Cone. The article then examines several variables which impact on the way politics has played out between 1985 and 2014: a high level of continuity of personnel inherited from the military period, an accentuated commitment to civil liberties (as in the Constitution of 1988), a more robust level of political competition compared to the pre-coup years, and a delayed but increasingly meaningful consideration of transitional justice issues. The article concludes by noting how mass mobilization (the street) engendered the collapse of the military regime in 1983-1984, and how this strategy of collective action has been repeated on several occasions under democracy. ; O artigo revisita os 21 anos de ditadura militar no Brasil para entender como o regime militar afetou o desenvolvimento do regime democrático após a transição de 1985. Seis legados específicos serão analisados. O artigo começa por enfocar a legitimidade relativa do regime militar brasileiro quando comparado a outros regimes autoritários no Cone Sul. Em seguida, o artigo examina algumas variáveis que tiveram impacto sobre a trajetória política nacional entre 1985 e 2014: um alto grau de continuidade das elites, um compromisso fortalecido para com os direitos civis (por exemplo, na Constituição Federal de 1988), um nível mais robusto de competição política quando comparado aos anos anterios ao golpe e uma implementação tardia, mas significativa, da justiça de transição. O artigo conclui por observar como a mobilização em massa (a rua) levou ao colapso do regime militar em 1983- 1984, notando que essa estratégia de ação coletiva tem sido repetida em varias ocasiões sob a democracia.

Research on Brazil's political institutions has gone through several phases since democratisation in 1985. In the early years of democracy, pessimism prevailed with regard to governability. This view gave way in the mid‐1990s to a more optimistic view that stressed two innovations of the Constitution of 1988: enhanced presidential power and centralised legislative procedure. In recent years, a third phase of research has shifted attention to the crucial role of inter‐party alliances. These analytical approaches have converged into an emerging research programme on 'coalitional presidentialism', which places executive‐legislative relations at the centre stage of macropolitical analysis. This article reviews the three phases of the debate and reflects on future research agendas.

Latin America contains roughly half of the world's countries that use compulsory voting, but this electoral institution has received only limited attention from researchers. This article examines the determinants of voter turnout in the world's largest electorate subject to mandatory voting, that of Brazil. In analyzing data from six national legislative elections held in Brazil between 1986 and 2006, the study finds that the impact of compulsory laws varies across social and economic groups. From a methodological perspective, the article argues that "compulsoriness" of mandatory voting legislation can be modeled by taking into account both exemptions to the law and the relevance of potential sanctions against non-voters. The issue of enforcement must be considered if we are to develop comprehensive models of electoral participation under conditions of compulsory voting. (JPLA)

Latin America contains roughly half of the world's countries that use compulsory voting, but this electoral institution has received only limited attention from researchers. This article examines the determinants of voter turnout in the world's largest electorate subject to mandatory voting, that of Brazil. In analyzing data from six national legislative elections held in Brazil between 1986 and 2006, the study finds that the impact of compulsory laws varies across social and economic groups. From a methodological perspective, the article argues that "compulsoriness" of mandatory voting legislation can be modeled by taking into account both exemptions to the law and the relevance of potential sanctions against non-voters. The issue of enforcement must be considered if we are to develop comprehensive models of electoral participation under conditions of compulsory voting. Adapted from the source document.