Suchergebnisse

Background: In favor of the economic value of tobacco,Indonesia has minimal anti-smoking policies and regulations.Even though smoking is not permitted in the government offices,health facilities, and schools, the regulation has not yet beenfully implemented, particularly in tertiary education institutionssuch as universities. Faculty of medicine, as institutioneducating future medical professional, should be role model inimplementing the tobacco free campus policy.Objective: The present study examines the effectiveness oftobacco free campus policy in the Faculty of Medicine,University of Gadjah Mada (FM UGM) in Yogyakarta Province.Method: Two cross-sectional surveys on medical studentsmoking behaviors were conducted in 2003 (n=734) and 2007(n=463), respectively. The prevalence of smoking and quittingeffort were measured in both surveys. Student's opinion ontobacco free campus policy was measured in 2007.Result: The percentage of male non-smoker has increased19.1%, while among female was 1.2%. While 11.9% studentsstopped smoking when they were admitted in FM UGM, 6%quitted smoking following the tobacco free campusimplementation and 7% reduced the number of cigarettessmoked. Moreover, ninety percent of male and 94% of femalestudents at public schools supported the implementation oftobacco free campus policy.Conclusion: The implementation of tobacco free campuspolicy has positive impact on reducing smoking behavior andpromoting quitting behavior among students in FM UGM. Bothmale and female students unanimously support the tobaccofree area.Keywords: smoke free area, smoking status, smoking behavior,university student

Civil servant compliance and assertiveness to non-smoking areas regulation: a comparative study in Sleman and Kulon Progo RegenciesPurpose:his study aimed to determine the differences of compliance and civil servants on the applica­tion of non-smoking areas in Sleman and Kulon Progo.MethodsThis analytical survey study used a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this research were civil servants in the regional work units of Kulon Progo Regency as many as 1,072 and Sleman as many as 2,300 employees at 26 SKPD in Sleman and 25 SKPD in Kulon Progo. The sampling technique used multistage random sampling. The research instruments used were question­naires, observations, and interviews to support the research. The analysis used was independent t-test and Mann-Whitney tests, namely to determine whether there was a relationship between independent and dependent variables.ResultsThis study found a differ­ence of knowledge on application of perda KTR with (p = 0.000), attitude with (p = 0.003) and there was difference of socialization to applying of regulation of non-smoking area (p = 0.000). Logistic regression tests showed that the dominant factor of the non-smoking area law was the knowledge.ConclusionThere was a difference of knowledge, attitude, and socialization among civil servants in Kulon Progo and Sleman. There was no significant difference in attitude, smoking status, compliance, assertive­ness, accessibility and social environment among civil servants in Kulon Progo and Sleman districts. The dominant factor affecting the compliance and assertive­ness of civil servants is knowledge. ; Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kepatuhan dan PNS terhadap penerapan kawasan bebas rokok di kabupaten Sleman dan Kulon Progo. Metode: Penelitian survei analitik ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian ini adalah pegawai negeri sipil di unit kerja daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo sebanyak 1.072 dan Sleman sebanyak 2.300 karyawan pada 26 SKPD di Sleman dan 25 SKPD di Kulon Progo. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage random sampling. Instrumen penelitian diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara untuk mendukung penelitian. Analisis yang digunakan adalah independent t-test dan Mann-Whitney: untuk menguji apakah ada hubungan antara variabel independen dan terikat. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan perbedaan pengetahuan tentang penerapan perda KTR, sikap dengan dan ada perbedaan sosialisasi dengan penerapan peraturan KTR. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi penerapan hukum KTR adalah pengetahuan.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap, dan sosialisasi kepada pegawai negeri di kabupaten Kulon pogo dan Sleman. Tidak ada perbedaan dalam sikap, status merokok, kepatuhan, ketegasan, aksesibilitas dan lingkungan sosial kepada pegawai negeri di kabupaten Kulon progo dan Sleman. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan dan ketegasan pegawai negeri adalah pengetahuan.

Evaluation of the implementation of the regional regulation of smoke free areas in Padang Panjang cityPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the regional regulation of smoke free areas (SFAs) in Padang Panjang city.MethodsThis research was a mixed method study with a sequential explanatory design. Accidental sampling was used to select the respondents. Respondents were smokers and non-smokers between 15-50 years of age living in Padang Panjang city since 2009. Informants for the qualitative data were district government authorities, community leaders and non-governmental organizations selected by purposive random sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The study was conducted in April-June 2015.ResultsCompared to previous surveys in 2007, 2011 and 2013, smoking prevalence did not decrease in Padang Panjang city. Key informants suggested commitment to SFAs regulation decreased when the mayor changed, since the new mayor is a smoker. The majority of respondents (94%) supported the SFAs regulation, about 90% had not smoked in SFAs and more than 50% of smokers had not smoked in the smoking rooms such as in market (82%) and bus station (78%).ConclusionIt is suggested for the government improve promotion of SFAs regulation, raise awareness of dangers of smoking in markets, public transportation and other public spaces and improve the regulation so its qualification is everyone who wants to be a leader has to be a non smoker. ; Latar belakang: 25,3% penduduk Kota Padang Panjang merokok setiap hari dan diperkirakan 91,9% diantaranya merokok di dalam rumah. Kawasan tanpa rokok menjadi cara alternatif untuk menurunkan prevalensi perokok dan mengurangi dampak merokok terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok di Kota Padang Panjang.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed methods dengan rancangan sequential explanatory design. Data kuantitatif berasal dari masyarakat Kota Padang Panjang yang berusia 15-50 tahun dan tinggal sebelum/sejak tahun 2009 Sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh dari pejabat pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat dan tokoh masyarakat. Hasil: Prevalensi perokok tidak menurun di Kota Padang Panjang. Komitmen terhadap peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok mengalami penurunan akibat pergantian Walikota. Mayoritas responden (94%) mendukung peraturan, 90% perokok tidak merokok di kawasan tanpa rokok dan lebih dari 50% perokok tidak merokok di smoking room, seperti di pasar (82%) dan terminal (78%).Kesimpulan: Pemerintah dan masyarakat harus kerja sama agar penerapan peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok menjadi lebih efektif. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan sosialisasi peraturan, bahaya merokok di tempat-tempat umum lainnya.

The social and political crisis happening since July 1997 has affected the economic condition among Indonesians, as well as their health condition. In terms of health field, the government has held JPSBK or Health- Based Social Safety Net.The objective of this reseach is to learn the distribution of health cards provided for the community in Yogyakarta Special Province.This was an evaluative study using post-test only with secondary data from PIMU (Province Independent Monitoring Unit) survey in Yogyakarta in 2001. This study was conducted in 10 community health centers in Yogyakarta Province, and from those 10 community health centers, 220 re¬spondents were obtained.From the poverty criteria from BKKBN or National Family Planning Field Coordinator and village team, it was found that the criteria for family members of the poor that 99.1% of them could eat the basic food twice a day. All 95 % family members had different clothes to wear at home, in the office or school, and travelling. Fifty point nine percent family members joined family planning using health facility.Ninety-four point one percent of the family members went to health facil¬ity. Sixty one point four percent of the floor of the poor family 's houses was not clay. Fifty two point three percent of the walls of their houses were made of cement and 98.2 %. of the ceilings were made of tiles. Forty fife percents of the respondents had cattles at home.This reseach showed that the distribution of health cards in Yogyakarta has not been appropriate, as there are many holders who do not full f ill the criteria as cardholders (BKKBN poverty criteria Village Team).Krisis politik dan krisis sosial yang terjadi sejak bulan Juli 1997 telah menimbulkan dampak yang besar sekali pada kondisi ekonomi masyarakat Indo¬nesia termasuk pada kondisi kesehatannya. Khusus untuk bidang kesehatan, pemerintah melaksanakan program Jaring Pengaman Sosial Bidang Kesehatan JPSBK) .Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pendistribusian Kartu Sehat ...

Choosing a career is an essential stage in medical students' life. Previous researchers all across the world have been conducted studies to examine determinants of career choices in general and medical careers in sociodemographic and behavioral perspectives. While most of the studies centered on general career choices determinants and located mostly in western countries with general career choices as their topics, few studies explore about medical students' career choices determinants in a collectivist culture like Indonesia. Hence, this study aimed to explore and describe determinants of medical students' career choices in collectivist culture setting. Participants, 62 students in total, were recruited from all stages of undergraduate medical students in Sriwijaya University in November 2015 until January 2016. Each of focus groups was led by a facilitator to explore medical students' career choices' determinants. Transcripts encoded according to recurring topics and themes that came up during their discussions. Eight themes identified from the discussions were: four major, two intermediate and two minor issues. Major themes were financial gain, prestige, personal interest and family influence. In conclusion, some points can be used to increase medical students' interest in various medical career fields. Exposure to medical career information should not target merely on medical students but also to their family and the community as well. Government roles in providing financial incentives as well as career opportunities to medical fields to increase the interest of medical students in the certain medical field.DETERMINAN KARIeER MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN: SEBUAH STUDI KUALITATIFPemilihan karier merupakan salah satu fase yang penting dalam kehidupan seorang mahasiswa kedokteran. Berbagai penelitian di seluruh dunia telah dilakukan dalam menemukan dan menganalisis determinan pemilihan karier seseorang, baik secara umum, maupun dalam dunia kedokteran secara khusus yang dilakukan pada perspektif sosiodemografi dan perilaku. Saat ini masih sedikit sekali penelitian yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa kedokteran yang bertujuan mengeksplorasi determinan pemilihan kariernya, terutama dalam lingkungan dengan kultur kolektivisme seperti di Indonesia. Penelitian ini ditujukan mengeksplorasi dan menjelaskan alasan pemilihan karier mahasiswa kedokteran pada lingkungan dengan kultur kolektivisme. Partisipan adalah semua mahasiswa kedokteran preklinik di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya yang berjumlah 62 orang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2015–January 2016. Tiap kelompok diskusi terarah dipimpin oleh seorang fasilitator yang melakukan eksplorasi terkait alasan pemilihan karier mereka. Hasil diskusi dicatat dan transkrip dikelompokkan sesuai dengan tema yang sering muncul selama kegiatan diskusi berlangsung. Delapan tema teridentifikasi dalam diskusi, yaitu empat tema mayor, dua tema menengah, dan dua tema minor bergantung pada seringnya tema tersebut muncul dalam semua diskusi. Tema mayor yang muncul adalah pendapatan, prestise, minat pribadi, dan pengaruh keluarga. Keterpaparan informasi karier kedokteran perlu dilakukan tidak hanya pada mahasiswa, tetapi juga pada keluarga dan lingkungan. Pemerintah juga berperan dalam memberikan insentif dan peluang pada bidang karier yang membutuhkan lebih banyak tenaga kerja di masa yang akan datang untuk meningkatkan minat mahasiswa pada bidang karier tersebut.

PurposeThe authors explore the metaphors people from Indonesia use to describe their propriety beliefs about the ethical legitimacy of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS). This paper aims to understand why there is a consensus of propriety beliefs about the ethical legitimacy of TAPS in the face of increased government regulations and international criticism of such marketing practices.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 71 study participants using both focus groups and in-depth photo-elicitation interviews.FindingsThe participants use three sets of metaphors to describe propriety beliefs. First, participants used metaphors that described the centrality of TAPS and smoking in Indonesian society. Second, they used metaphors that described TAPS regulations and regulators and third, they used metaphors that described the activities of tobacco firms. Participants' photographs revealed strong collective validity of TAPS within Indonesia and strong propriety beliefs consensus.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is one of the first to integrate legitimacy-as-perception theory and the ecological systems framework to gain a multilevel insight into the TAPS activities are perceived as legitimate and, therefore, not unethical.Practical implicationsThe findings have important implications for tobacco control regulators who wish to curtail TAPS in a country where all levels of the ecological system reinforce their collective validity. Policy and regulative initiatives must, therefore, be used in a systemic way to change this collective validity.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is one of the first to use a legitimacy perspective to understand the ethical legitimacy of TAPS in marketing literature. It is also the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to use the three legitimacy-as-perception constructs: propriety beliefs, collective validity and consensus of propriety beliefs. The authors show that despite increased government regulations ...

INTRODUCTION: Indonesia has one of the highest male smoking rates in the world (67%) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure occurs in over 70% of households. To date, little research has investigated community recognition of the harms of secondhand smoke and support for a smoke-free homes (SFH) policy. This work discusses the development and implementation of a community-based SFH intervention attempting to establish SFH as a new social norm. METHODS: Research was conducted in Yogyakarta, Java. A proof-of-concept study ascertained the feasibility of mounting a community-based SFH initiative in urban neighborhoods. Educational materials on SHS were developed and pretested. An intervention was piloted and evaluated in the homes of 296 smokers residing in 4 communities. Health educators and community health volunteers were trained to implement SFH. RESULTS: Prior to the intervention, 11% of smokers did not smoke inside their home; post-intervention 54% of smokers did not smoke inside their home. The Yogyakarta District Health Office has supported large scale implementation of smoke-free homes. To date, 135 urban communities have declared themselves as having SFH. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first community-based SFH initiative to be carried out in South-East Asia. The SFH movement redefines smoking cessation as a health issue of women and children, ties family welfare to core cultural values, and offers women a leadership role in tobacco control. The sustainability of SFH in Yogyakarta has been achieved by working closely with multiple levels of government and has contributed to shifts in tobacco control policy in Indonesia.