he modern doctrine of sovereignty is derived basically from two thoughts of development which emerged during the end of Indian medieval history. On the one side there was an emergence of new National States which are curious enough to assert their absolute independence during the new age of economic expansion by rejecting the feudal notions including exaggerated lordship or papal interference and on the other side, the departure from medieval idea of law based on fundamental customs and legislations as a form of declaring the existence of new customs.
Education spreads parallel with the life span of a person starting from his birth to death. Education is known to be the instrument which fills human actions with the essence of values, dignity, ethics and human virtues. Life progress along with the process of civilization equipped with social, moral, cultural attributes in the path of education. The Educational system should be gender sensitive to impart knowledge and disseminate skills to the marginalized sections of the society. The country could excess by facilitating contribution of the marginalized folk in the near future. Autonomous bodies like University Grants Commission (UGC), National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) regulates women education system in India. Institutions like United Nation's International Children's Educational Fund (UNICEF), Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Medical Council of India (MCI) and Dental Council of India (DCI) facilitates women education in India. Women Study Centres aided by UGC study the status, problems, issues concerned with women education. The illiteracy among women makes them dependent and deprived in general. Social, economic and political empowerment of women through education is the need of the day. This paper reviews various legislative and policy framework to improve the teaching, learning and evaluation aspects in the higher education in India.
Indian economy is progressive at the global phase in spite of certain social backlogs like corruption, normative social structure, social evils, violence against women, depriving the down trodden minority. Overall development and growth is not uniform across all the sectors of the society. Large mass has been kept outside the development strategies. Social, political and economic protocol has to be monitored which ensure sustainable development assuring greatest welfare to the nation. A uniform and common growth strategy shall implement and accelerate the deprived. Formulation of common developmental plan which is unique may bypass the diversities of incredible India. This type of inclusive growth strategy shall create a platform for the broader benefits by emphasizing equality in allocating the resources, providing opportunities and services to every section of the society. Vision is kept highly on the pro-poor growth of the deprived. In Social structure men were kept unjustifiably superior which planted paternal bias, powerlessness and dependence of women. It boosted opportunities for vulnerability and crimes against women in the society, as violence is opposed to reason, human rights and welfare state principles. Hence, the legal system should ensure Education, Freedom, Dignity, Safety and Justice to women in all spheres highlighting the constitutional perspectives of gender equality. This paper tries to analyse the constitutional safeguards, legal mechanisms, developmental policies for women empowerment.
The old age declines the functional capacity of the organs due to physiological transformation. The study of physical and psychological changes that occur in old age is called "gerontology". Vital role is played by the legislations in granting welfare of the elderly population. The elderly welfare requires the solutions to the practical problems of the elderly. India has adopted United Nations International Plan of Action on Ageing to provide care and protection to the elders by considering them within the social category who requires special attention. The principle of equity is enshrined in the Constitution of India in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. Elderly population belongs to the marginalised and deprived sections in India. This paper introduces Pradeep & Charan's model of 'Broad Based Benefit' (BBB) for the elderly by integrating legislative and social interventions towards empowerment of elderly. This paper provides guidelines to interlink the efforts of Government and Non Government Organisaitons by using legislative and judicial interfaces to promote elderly welfare. This model guides the way for empowerment of elderly population to be self sufficient and sustainable in their lives. The study is descriptive by nature, by using primary and secondary sources of data.
