The article discloses the most striking breaches of the constitutional requirements; these are the constitutional doctrine requirements to be met by the penal legislation. While working on the article, the authors analyzed some legal acts adopted by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and signed into law by the President of the Republic as of the year 2009. In the authors' opinion, in case of the penal legislation, the most often breached requirements are the ones deriving from the principle of the rule of law, such as: legal acts shall be clearly understandable so that the subjects of legal relationship are able to understand what requirements they have to meet according to the law; legal rules shall be stable and ensure legal certainty as well as predictability of legal decisions; the force of legal acts shall be directed to the future; the principle of equality shall be respected and the court shall have a possibility to personalize a sentence or penalty in every individual case, etc. In addition, the article provides insight into some objective and subjective factors which cause essential insufficiencies in penal legislation and considers possibilities of improving the quality of penal legal acts.
The article discloses the most striking breaches of the constitutional requirements; these are the constitutional doctrine requirements to be met by the penal legislation. While working on the article, the authors analyzed some legal acts adopted by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and signed into law by the President of the Republic as of the year 2009. In the authors' opinion, in case of the penal legislation, the most often breached requirements are the ones deriving from the principle of the rule of law, such as: legal acts shall be clearly understandable so that the subjects of legal relationship are able to understand what requirements they have to meet according to the law; legal rules shall be stable and ensure legal certainty as well as predictability of legal decisions; the force of legal acts shall be directed to the future; the principle of equality shall be respected and the court shall have a possibility to personalize a sentence or penalty in every individual case, etc. In addition, the article provides insight into some objective and subjective factors which cause essential insufficiencies in penal legislation and considers possibilities of improving the quality of penal legal acts.
In societies of high legal culture, criminal law is regarded as a protective and repressive measure of the state, as an imperative of crime and inevitable punishment (as a strict rule). Therefore, the article attempts to show the fact that the entirety of the provisions and norms of criminal law, consolidated in a modern democratic state under the rule of law (or, at least, a state that is attempting to become such a state), allows for the assertion that the purpose of criminal law is coordination or, at least, the balance of the interests of conflicting subjects—the victim and the culprit, the culprit and the state. Thus, by means of criminal law, one can try to attain legal concord in seemingly irreconcilable situations. The reality of such striving is confirmed by court practice and statistics in criminal justice. The article analyses the origin of the reconciliation function, essentially a new aspect of criminal law. A position is formed that the fundamentals of such a function of criminal law are "laid" by the provisions of the Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania that the striving of the Nation is an open, just and harmonious civil society and a state under the rule of law. For the implementation of these provisions, one makes use of the possibilities of penal law-making and respectively corrects the penal policy. Thus, the Constitution and the official constitutional doctrine formulated in the constitutional jurisprudence exerts an ever increasing influence in law-making. The constitutional dimensions have become an integral and inseparable element of penal law. On the other hand, the doctrine and jurisprudence of criminal law also contributes to the disclosure of the content of the principles of criminal law, the entrenchment of the imperatives (requirements) of such principles in criminal law and the practice of its application. This article also describes the influence of the official constitutional doctrine formulated in the constitutional jurisprudence (which discloses the content of the legal principles entrenched in the Constitution) upon penal law-making and the case-law in criminal cases. While disclosing the actual realisation of the constitutional principle of coordination (principle of legal concord) of opposite interests in criminal law, in the practice of its application and in the penal policy in general, one also essentially defines the content of the reconciliation function of criminal law in a modern democratic society. ; Ir aukštos teisinės kultūros visuomenėje neretai baudžiamoji teisė suprantama yra kaip valstybės apsauginė, represinė priemonė, kaip nusikaltimo ir neišvengiamos bausmės (paprastai, griežtos) imperatyvas. Todėl straipsnyje bandoma parodyti, jog šiuolaikinės demokratinės teisinės (arba bent siekiančios tokia būti) valstybės baudžiamojoje teisėje įtvirtinama nuostatų, normų visuma, leidžianti konstatuoti, jog baudžiamosios teisės paskirtis yra ir konfliktuojančių subjektų: kaltininko – nukentėjusiojo, kaltininko – valstybės interesų suderinimas ar bent subalansavimas. Taigi baudžiamąja teise gali būti siekiama teisinės santarvės, atrodo, esant nesutaikomoms situacijoms. Tokio siekio realumą patvirtina ir teismo praktika bei baudžiamosios justicijos statistika. Straipsnyje analizuojama baudžiamosios teisės sutaikomosios funkcijos – iš esmės naujo aspekto baudžiamosios teisės priedermėje – kilmė. Formuojama nuostata, kad pamatai ir tokiai baudžiamosios teisės funkcijai yra Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos preambulės nuostatos, jog mūsų tautos siekis yra atvira, teisinga, darni pilietinė visuomenė bei teisinė valstybė. Minėtoms nuostatoms įgyvendinti panaudojamos baudžiamosios teisėkūros galimybės, atitinkamai koreguojama baudžiamoji politika. Taigi Konstitucijos ir konstitucinėje jurisprudencijoje suformuotos oficialios doktrinos tiesioginė įtaka teisėkūrai vis didesnė. Konstitucinės dimensijos tampa sudėtiniu, neatskiriamu baudžiamojo įstatymo elementu. Kita vertus, baudžiamosios teisės doktrina ir jurisprudencija taip pat prisideda, atskleidžiant konstitucinių baudžiamosios teisės principų turinį, įtvirtinant baudžiamojoje teisėje jų imperatyvus (reikalavimus) bei ją taikant praktikoje. Šiame straipsnyje taip pat apibūdinama ir konstitucinėje jurisprudencijoje suformuotos oficialiosios doktrinos, pirmiausia atskleidžiančios Konstitucijoje įtvirtintų teisės principų turinį, įtaka baudžiamajai teisėkūrai bei teismų praktikai baudžiamosiose bylose. Atskleidžiant realų konstitucinio priešingų interesų derinimo (teisinės santarvės) principo reikalavimų įgyvendinimą baudžiamojoje teisėje, jos taikymo praktikoje, apskritai baudžiamojoje politikoje, iš esmės apibūdinamas ir šiuolaikinės demokratinės valstybės baudžiamosios teisės sutaikinamosios funkcijos turinys.
The Supreme Court has been quite intensively, directly and officially involved in the criminal legislation, acting as an institution or through representatives, by initiating, preparing drafts of Criminal Code, criminal law amendments and providing advisory opinions. The aforementioned conclusions of the article are drawn from the analysis of drafts of criminal laws, explanatory notes, opinions and other preparatory documents of the criminal legislation, the legislation in force, jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, legal doctrine.
The Supreme Court has been quite intensively, directly and officially involved in the criminal legislation, acting as an institution or through representatives, by initiating, preparing drafts of Criminal Code, criminal law amendments and providing advisory opinions. The aforementioned conclusions of the article are drawn from the analysis of drafts of criminal laws, explanatory notes, opinions and other preparatory documents of the criminal legislation, the legislation in force, jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, legal doctrine.
The Supreme Court has been quite intensively, directly and officially involved in the criminal legislation, acting as an institution or through representatives, by initiating, preparing drafts of Criminal Code, criminal law amendments and providing advisory opinions. The aforementioned conclusions of the article are drawn from the analysis of drafts of criminal laws, explanatory notes, opinions and other preparatory documents of the criminal legislation, the legislation in force, jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, legal doctrine.
The Supreme Court has been quite intensively, directly and officially involved in the criminal legislation, acting as an institution or through representatives, by initiating, preparing drafts of Criminal Code, criminal law amendments and providing advisory opinions. The aforementioned conclusions of the article are drawn from the analysis of drafts of criminal laws, explanatory notes, opinions and other preparatory documents of the criminal legislation, the legislation in force, jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, legal doctrine.
The Supreme Court has been quite intensively, directly and officially involved in the criminal legislation, acting as an institution or through representatives, by initiating, preparing drafts of Criminal Code, criminal law amendments and providing advisory opinions. The aforementioned conclusions of the article are drawn from the analysis of drafts of criminal laws, explanatory notes, opinions and other preparatory documents of the criminal legislation, the legislation in force, jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, legal doctrine.
The Supreme Court has been quite intensively, directly and officially involved in the criminal legislation, acting as an institution or through representatives, by initiating, preparing drafts of Criminal Code, criminal law amendments and providing advisory opinions. The aforementioned conclusions of the article are drawn from the analysis of drafts of criminal laws, explanatory notes, opinions and other preparatory documents of the criminal legislation, the legislation in force, jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, legal doctrine.
This article analyzes the tendencies of legislation correcting the provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, as well as the constitutional jurisprudence examining the compliance of norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the significance of final acts of the Constitutional Court for the criminal legislation
This article analyzes the tendencies of legislation correcting the provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, as well as the constitutional jurisprudence examining the compliance of norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the significance of final acts of the Constitutional Court for the criminal legislation
Straipsnyjeanalizuojamos teisėkūros, koreguojančios Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso Specialiosios dalies nuostatas, tendencijos, taip pat nagrinėjama konstitucinė jurisprudencija, kurioje buvo tiriama atskirų Baudžiamojo kodekso Specialiosios dalies nuostatų atitiktis Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijai, ir Konstitucinio Teismo baigiamųjų aktų reikšmė baudžiamajai teisėkūrai.
This article analyzes the tendencies of legislation correcting the provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, as well as the constitutional jurisprudence examining the compliance of norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the significance of final acts of the Constitutional Court for the criminal legislation
This article analyzes the tendencies of legislation correcting the provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, as well as the constitutional jurisprudence examining the compliance of norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the significance of final acts of the Constitutional Court for the criminal legislation
