Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half-title page -- Dedication -- Title page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction Genealogies of Colonialism in Postcolonial Times -- 1 COVID-19, Science versus Anti-Science, and the Colonial Present -- 2 Historicism without History: The Scientific Revolution, Reimagining the European Past, and Postcolonial Futures -- 3 Colonialism and Euro-/West Centrism: Postcolonial Desires, Colonial Entrapments -- Conclusion Modern Science and European Colonialism: A Conversation with J. P. S. Uberoi and Bruno Latour -- Notes -- References -- Index.

COVID–19 has not only resulted in nearly two and a half million deaths globally but it has also spawned a pandemic of misinformation and conspiracies. In this article I examine COVID–19 misinformation and conspiracies in the United States (US). These misinformation and conspiracies have been commonly argued to be anti-science. I argue, although it is important to rebut false information and stop their spread, social scientists need to analyse how such anti-science claims are discursively framed and interpreted. Specifically, I show how the framing of the anti-science conspiracies utilise the credibility of science and scientists. I also explore how the COVID–19 misinformation and conspiracies were given different meaning among different social groups. The article is divided into three sections. In the first section I analyse the discursive emplotment of the Plandemic video that had Dr Judy Mikovits presenting several COVID–19 conspiracy theories and went viral before it was taken down from major social media platforms. I show how the video draws on the credibility of science, scientists, and scientific journals to present misinformation and conspiracies claims against vaccination, mask wearing, etc. The second section explores how COVID–19 misinformation and conspiracies were interpreted among the African-American community by drawing on the history of black community's experiences in the US and as such how their interpretations stand in contrast to the interpretations of the COVID–19 misinformation and conspiracies among the White community. The last section analyses the role of STS in engaging with anti-science and post-truth issues and emphasises the need to excavate genealogies of the present even with regard to misinformation and conspiracies.

Stem cell research on cardiac patients at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), which was disclosed through the media in 2005, created a storm. On the one hand, it was celebrated as a 'global first in pioneering stem cell medicine'. On the other hand, not only the AIIMS study, but, more broadly, stem cell research and therapy in India was criticised for 'tall claims [and] questionable ethics'. The responses of the policymakers and regulators in India were equally divergent. How are we to understand the contingency and unpredictability of the regulatory regime in India? The answers to this and other related questions are often presented through a regulatory fix—countries such as India need to tighten their regulatory regime. The need for a legally binding regulatory regime is undeniable; nevertheless, a narrow focus on a regulatory fix fails to explain several issues. In this article, I analyse the stem cell research on cardiac patients at AIIMS. Through a focus on epistemic, ethical and juridical assemblage of stem cell research, I highlight the inescapable contingency in the translation between 'governmental rationality' and 'the practice of government' and show how this reflects biopolitical excess.

This article analyzes how the medical gaze made possible by MRI operates in radiological laboratories. It argues that although computer-assisted medical imaging technologies such as MRI shift radiological analysis to the realm of cyborg visuality, radiological analysis continues to depend on visualization produced by other technologies and diagnostic inputs. In the radiological laboratory, MRI is used to produce diverse sets of images of the internal parts of the body to zero in and visually extract the pathology (or prove its nonexistence). Visual extraction of pathology becomes possible, however, because of the visual training of the radiologists in understanding and interpreting anatomic details of the whole body. These two levels of viewing constitute the bifocal vision of the radiologists. To make these levels of viewing work complementarily, the body, as it is presented in the body atlases, is made notational (i.e., converted into a set of isolable, disjoint, and differentiable parts).

Recent and mounting evidence indicates burnout among healthcare providers in the United States has been steadily rising over the last decade. Review of the literature has indicated that burnout affects provider clinical performance, professionalism, quality, incidence of medical errors, and intention to stay in the profession. Burnout has been shown to impact provider quality of life. However, education focused on coping skills can reduce burnout amongst providers. This article describes a quality improvement project conducted to determine the effect of a burnout awareness and coping skills program to decrease burnout among nurse anesthetists at a level one trauma center. The educational program provided information that helped staff to identify signs and symptoms of burnout and offered strategies to reduce burnout. We describe the project methods, and results, which suggested a significant decrease in participants' levels of the emotional exhaustion component of burnout following participation in the program. We offer discussion about the clinical significance of our findings, note project limitations, and conclude with implications for research and practice.

This article describes an innovative knowledge translation project involving researchers and key stakeholders commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). The project aimed to develop 'cameo' reports of evidence-based policies and interventions addressing social determinants of health, intended for use by leaders and advocates, as well as policy and programme decision makers, to advance global action. The iterative process of developing the framework and content of the cameos, in the context of a limited evidence base, is described, and a number of issues related to the integration of multiple sources of evidence for knowledge translation action are identified.