Suchergebnisse

The Public-Private Partnerships (3Ps) is a proven model in many countries and the past its implementation in many domains like transportation, power, water and sanitary, education and for an affordable housing project. With the application of 3P in the General pool, residential accommodation houses construction for the Government employees based on rationing has created a gap in which all the parties' cooperation helps in attain the desired goal and support in overcoming the problems. The private sector contributes through their quick access to funds, investment potential, efficiency, innovativeness, and skills, while the government organisations are responsible for accessing the risks and meeting the responsibilities. This research focuses the issues on implementing the 3P model for General Pool residential building with a model evaluation study. The study results indicate the factors responsible for successful implementation and peril perceptions of different stakeholders. This model of 3P's is suitable for evaluation of policy framework with the Government of India.

AbstractThe present study compares the treatment of pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PIWW) by coagulation‐flocculation (C‐F) and electrocoagulation (EC) techniques using response surface methodology (RSM). EC was performed with waste food‐grade Aluminium (Al) foil as a sacrificial anode. In C‐F, to minimize chemical usage, dual coagulants Aloe vera (organic) and ferric chloride (chemical) were used. Optimization using RSM for C‐F showed chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 60.25 ± 0.28% at optimum operating conditions with R2 = 0.964 and adj‐R2 = 0.928, whereas EC resulted in COD reduction of 78.23 ± 0.38% and energy consumption 1.498 ± 0.0076kWh/m3 with R2 = 0.978 and adj‐R2 = 0.956. The result showed that the use of food‐grade waste Al foil as anode electrode (in EC) and the use of dual coagulant (in C‐F) can reduce COD from industrial effluent efficiently contributing to less hazardous sludge generation.

About 245 thousand tones of municipal solid waste are collected daily in Brazil. Nearly 32 thousand tones of the collected amount are treated in sanitary landfill, which generates biogas and leachate as byproduct. The leachate resulting from sanitary landfill contains high concentration of carbonaceous and nitrogenized material. The crucial question is that the biodegradation of the carbonaceous material is difficult as long as the nitrogenized material is present in the form of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+), which compromises performance of biological treatment process. Therefore, a physical and chemical treatment of the leachate should be done before its biological treatment, especially for reduction of ammoniacal nitrogen concentration and for propitiating the realization of application of biological treatment. The treatment of leachate requires specific consideration, which is not needed for other types of waste. In the specific case in this study, where ammoniacal nitrogen concentration was about 2,200 mgN L-1 and the BOD5/COD ratio was 0.3, the study of ammonia stripping process was performed. Ammonia stripping process was studied in packed towers of 35 L capacity each and the parameters investigated were pH, ratio of contact area/leach volume and the aeration time. One of the parameters that influenced most in efficiency of ammonia stripping process was pH of the leachate since it contributes in conversion of ammoniacal nitrogen from NH4+ to NH3.

AbstractImproving irrigation infrastructure is important for sustaining food security in developing countries like India. The irrigation potential of a system is estimated at the planning phase using conventional approaches. A mismatch in the irrigation potential planned to be created and the land suitable for cultivation can lead to a gap in the irrigation potential created and utilized, making the scheme unrealistic and uneconomical. This study aims to use geospatial data and geographic information system (GIS) tools to identify land suitable for cultivation when planning an irrigation system. This study was conducted in Telangana State in India, where the projected irrigation potential creation was 5 million ha (Mha). It was observed that the total land suitable for cultivation in the state, considering the soil's topography, and physical and chemical characteristics, is about 6 Mha. Time series of average monthly Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over a 10‐year period was used to identify the critical blocks. The study illustrates how the geospatial data derived from remote sensing and recent GIS tools can aid managers in planning, implementing, and monitoring irrigation projects. The study also demonstrates how long‐term satellite information can be used for regional prioritizationprioritisation for constructing irrigation infrastructure and postconstruction impact assessment. This study was conducted as part of the Young Water Professions (YWP) Training program, which allowed the participants to develop professional competencies and implement their learning in real‐world situations.