Suchergebnisse

The transformation of issues in international politics has led to a shift from traditional security issues (war and military) to non-traditional security issues (human security). One form of non-traditional security threat is the transnational crime activity of narcotics smuggling in Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asian region has an area of around 4.4 million KM2 and is known as the "Golden Triangle" narcotics production area on the border of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. One of the destination countries for smuggling narcotics in the Southeast Asian region is Indonesia and Riau Province is one of the gateways for the illegal entry of narcotics from other countries, especially Malaysia. This paper aims to analyze the modus operandi of transnational crime in narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Riau and Malaysia. This paper uses a qualitative method using interviews with research informants. The results of this study indicate that the modus operandi of narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Indonesia and Malaysia is carried out by sea along the coastline of the border provinces of Riau and Malaysia. Narcotics are neatly wrapped and installed GPS devices then smuggled at night by using the services of fishermen as a courier. This seawater smuggling route was chosen due to several factors, namely: the proximity of the territorial waters, the number of unofficial or illegal ports, the lack of surveillance patrols along the water area and the professionalism of law enforcement officers in the border region. The transformation of issues in international politics has led to a shift from traditional security issues (war and military) to non-traditional security issues (human security). One form of non-traditional security threat is the transnational crime activity of narcotics smuggling in Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asian region has an area of around 4.4 million KM2 and is known as the "Golden Triangle" narcotics production area on the border of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. One of the destination countries for smuggling narcotics in the Southeast Asian region is Indonesia and Riau Province is one of the gateways for the illegal entry of narcotics from other countries, especially Malaysia. This paper aims to analyze the modus operandi of transnational crime in narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Riau and Malaysia. This paper uses a qualitative method using interviews with research informants. The results of this study indicate that the modus operandi of narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Indonesia and Malaysia is carried out by sea along the coastline of the border provinces of Riau and Malaysia. Narcotics are neatly wrapped and installed GPS devices then smuggled at night by using the services of fishermen as a courier. This seawater smuggling route was chosen due to several factors, namely: the proximity of the territorial waters, the number of unofficial or illegal ports, the lack of surveillance patrols along the water area and the professionalism of law enforcement officers in the border region.

After the 1961 of Wina convention, diplomacy became one of the containers for the actualization of relations between countries in the international political arena to convey the national interests of a country to other countries. The national interest of a country is certainly a diplomatic mission for the state in the scope of international practice. The practice of a country's diplomacy success is of course influenced by various factors and the power factor is one of the determining factors for a country's diplomatic success. This paper use a descriptive qualitative approach with the collect data by library research. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of a country's diplomacy depends on the extent of its own national strength. Some things that determine the success of diplomacy can be analyzed from the diplomatic environment in the form of the international system, the diplomatic environment and domestic relations. While the concept of power is determined by elements that do not change (natural resources, geography, demographics and population) as well as elements that are easily changed (character and morality of the nation, the quality of government and diplomatic quality).

Pemilihan umum pada subtansinya adalah merupakan wadah untuk mendapatkan seseorang pemimpin dan wakil rakyat untuk menduduki jabatan tertentu. Kehadiaran seorang pemimpin dan wakil rakyat dari proses pemilihan umum diharapkan mampu mengisi dan memberikan perubahan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Indonesia. Namun berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam proses pemilihan umum baik di tingkat pusat dan daerah tidak bisa dipungkiri telah menjadi faktor penghambat dalam menciptkan kepemimpinaan dan wakil rakyat yang dicita-citakan. Masyaraka Indonesia belum sesungguhnya berada pada subtasi pemilu dalam rangka melahirkan kepemimpinan dan perwakilan yang ideal dan bermartabat. Jika situasi ini terus berlangsung maka kegagalan dalam pembangunan atau kemunduran suatu negara yang menjadi kekhawatiran banyak pihak bisa saja terjadi. Penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum semestinya menjadi tolak ukur perubahan pembangunan disegala bidang. Oleh karena itu ada empat hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian yakni, penyelenggara pemilu, partai politik, pemerintah dan masyarakat pemilih. Keempat elemen tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan dalam pemilihan umum untuk mencitpkan pemimpin dan wakil rakyat yang ideal.

The concept of international anarchy initially clarifies the absence of actors in international politics of the supernatural organization in the practice of international relations. But the existence of international regime in international politics currently affects the pattern of relations between countries in creating and facilitating the creation and international cooperation. This article analyzes the concepts and approaches of international regime studies by using a qualitative, descriptive approach conducted by a literature study method. The results of this study show that the international regime is the specific actualisation of international organisations formed in a centralistic, independent and rationality. An analysis approach to the international regime is carried out with a rationalist and reflectiveal approach.

This research describes the policy of Malaysia in teriotrial dispute. Thisconflict start began in 1965 when Malaysia be a state President Soekarno wasnot supported because it can be a recolonialisme in Asia. Nowdays, diplomaticrelations between Indonesia and Malaysia always fluctuatif, it is becausedipute conflict likes Sipadan ligitan island, Ambalat, Tanjung Datuk, CamarBulan and conflict of culture. The research shows that strategy of Indonesiawith the policy of Malaysia in dispute teritory in 2006-2010 are internalstrategy dan external strategy. Internal strategy Indonesia are Indonesiaexplore the extern island, make the new map of dispute, development of disputeteritory and create a base military. And external strategy of Indonesia are usediplomacy ways with Indonesia deal of Kinabalu dialogs, Indonesia deal withMalaysia in maintanance Malacca Straits and Indonesia deal with China indefense agreements.

The issue of non traditional security is currently one of the changes in studies in international security. One of the changes is from state security to human security. A form of real threat to human security is transnational crime. Therefore, in dealing with transnational crime, coordination between law enforcers in each country is needed by implementing international law. This article uses the approach of liberalism with a qualitative descriptive research approach (literature study) The research findings explain that the lack of domestic law enforcement in ASEAN countries causes transnational criminals to break away from domestic law and flee to other countries, causing fears of new threats in the country where the refugees are fleeing. In essence, there is no country that is able to stand on its own to resolve this transnational crime case. Therefore, multilateral cooperation between countries is needed. ASEAN, which in this case is a Southeast Asian multilateral institution must regulate strategies through MLA (Mutual Legal Assistance in criminal matters).

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the factors that caused The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) security regime to be ineffective in saving transnational drug smuggling, including the internalization of non-optimal values and norms of the ASEAN Drug-Free Declaration.


Design/methodology/approach
This study uses primary data and secondary data. Data analysis and observation are carried out simultaneously, where data are analyzed directly after it is obtained using descriptive analysis. Interactive data analysis is carried out at the initial step by collecting primary and secondary data. Data are analyzed inductively by drawing conclusions from data obtained from general views to specifics.


Findings
The development of ASEAN has led to the idea of "ASEAN Way," namely, the ASEAN security forum to eliminate the use of force in maintaining relations between member countries through the dissemination of agreed values. Multilateral negotiations refer to the establishment of a negotiation regime at the ASEAN level that emphasizes the interests of ASEAN member countries in determining agreements relating to transnational drug crimes. There are several inhibiting factors in the negotiation process, namely, perception differences between ASEAN countries on the threat of drug smuggling in the Southeast Asia region and the differences of ASEAN leaders' priorities and agenda.


Originality/value
The originality/authenticity of research is analyzing the factors that affect the ASEAN security system in transnational protection policies by using two models, namely, the international level negotiation model and one at the national level in the form of ratification of ASEAN international relations related to drug smuggling. At present, transnational crimes, especially drug smuggling, appear and pose a threat to national and international security. The object of this research is ASEAN international organizations in cases of transnational drug smuggling.

Purpose: This paper describes narcotics smuggling routes in the Southeast Asia region, with a special focus on the case of the Riau Province, Indonesia). Southeast Asia occupies the area of 4,4 million square kilometers. The populations of ASEAN has increased from 563.7 million in 2006 to 631.8 million in 2015 at a rate of 1,14% per annum. The population growth
in Southeast Asia has impacted the increased use of drugs. The Golden Triangle, i.e. the territory where the borders of Myanmar, Laos and Thailand meet, is a hub for narcotics smuggling. Riau Province is one of gates for narcotics smuggling from other states in Southeast Asia to Indonesia. Method: The paper uses qualitative methods with accompanying descriptions. The theories applied in this paper are realism approach together with international security concept, human security, and narcotics smuggling. Findings: Narcotics smuggling routes in the Riau Province, Indonesia run along unofficial port lines along the coastline. Some regencies that participate in narcotic smuggling are Bengkalis, Dumai, Meranti, Rokan Hilir and Indragiri Hilir Regency. Narcotics smugglers use sea lanes and fishing boats, and act at night to trick patrol officers in the border region.

One of the important issues that are currently happening is that violations of children's rights are increasing all the time. Based on data from the Online Information System for the Protection of Women and Children (PPA Symphony), it was recorded that 5,463 children in Indonesia had experienced violence throughout 2020 and in 2021 there was an almost two-fold increase, namely, there were 10,832 cases of violence against children, and around 59.70 percent of the violence was sexual violence against children. One of the protective measures taken by the Government to realize the welfare of children is to provide guarantees for the fulfillment of their rights without discriminatory treatment, namely the issuance of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Physical and sexual violence are important issues to be discussed. One of the efforts made by the Rokan Hilir Regency Government to handle child cases that occurred is the Rokan Hilir Regency Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Child Protection. This study uses qualitative methods with the type of research included in field research, with the research design using descriptive analysis methods.

The problem of violence against women and children has become a global problem at the national and international levels. Due to the increasing number of cases of violence against women and children, the government is required to improve services for victims of violence against women and children. To improve these services, the central government through the ministry of women's and children's protection issued the Minister of Women's and Children's Empowerment Regulation Number 4 of 2018 concerning the establishment of UPTD for the Protection of Women and Children in the regions. Gaps, including: lack of budget, coordination between stakeholders involved, infrastructure, and human resources involved, so that performance still requires improvement in facing challenges for future improvements. By using descriptive qualitative research, the researcher describes Accountability in handling victims of violence for women and children. In addition, it also describes some of the main obstacles faced by this institution, including budget problems, facilities, personnel, victim disclosure, and community support.