Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT China realized the economic statecraft strategy through Approved Destination Status (ADS) in Canada. ADS is an outbound tourism policy that functions as a control scheme for China's relations with countries that have been approved as tourist destinations and control of its citizens who conduct outbound tourism. The use of ADS as a form of diplomacy is because China seeks to eliminate the image of China Threat so that China can further expand its foreign policy and economic interests. The international situation also influenced China's decision to use ADS as a form of diplomacy. But since the Harper government, Canada has given harsh criticisms to China on issues of human rights, finance, investment, etc. Besides that, Canada gave an honorary citizenship title to the Dalai Lama, known for his anti-china views. China then postponed the administration of ADS as a reaction to Canada's attitude. Furthermore, this research will describe the use of ADS as economic statecraft in Canada. This research shows that ADS can function as a stick with the delay as well as providing ADS as a reward after normalization of relations after Harper's visit to Beijing in 2009. Data in this research were collected from many sources such as website, reports, journals, books etc. To analyze, this research used determinants foreign policy and economic statecraft concept. Keywords: Approved Destination Status (ADS), Tourism Diplomacy, Economic Statecraft.

ABSTRACT As a big country who known has many of rich nature resources, Indonesia is an agrarian country who produce many food crops for example is rice plant. Apart of surplus harvest, Indonesia government continuously do rice import from other countries for example is Thailand to fulfill the domestic stockpile. This research was made to find the things that determines the foreign policy, and also the other positive effect of the connection on the bilateral transaction between the two countries. This research was made using domestic determinant concept, foreign determinant concept, and also comparative advantage. Key Word: Indonesia – Thailand, rice, determinants of foreign policy, comparative advantage.

ABSTRACT The Philippine government has had a prolonged conflict with armed group in Mindanao, South Philippines. One of the most influential groups in Mindanao is a MILF. MILF wants to establish an independent and sovereign state in the Southern Philippines as a result of the efforts of Christianization by the Philippine Government to cause land disputes and power shift. However, it has never been realized until giving rise to various rebellions. The various peace process has been done, such as the Tripoli Agreement, the Final Peace Agreement and the Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain but always failed. Finally succeeded with the signing of the Framework Agreement of Bangsamoro (FAB) in 2012 between the Philippine government and the MILF. FAB will contain the guarantee of basic rights Bangsmoro by the Government. This study shows that the motivating factor for MILF to sign FAB with the Philippine Government is a political recognition given to the Bangsamoro, special autonomy, as well as the creation of the Bangsamoro Basic Law that will include various things about the basic rights to the Bangsamoro. Keywords: Motivating factor, Political recognition

ABSTRACT This study aims to provide description about the Chinese Government's Efforts to Achieve Economic Interest by Leveraging the Foxconn Labor Exploitation Issue in 2010-2016. In the economic development in China, Deng Xiapoing issued an open door policy that caused foreign companies to enter, one of them and the biggest one was Foxconn. Foxconn entered China in 1988 and greatly influenced the economic development in China. But over time, Foxconn exploited his workers. China Labor Watch has a report on the exploitation and China still allows Foxconn to operate. China actually seeks to keep Foxconn investing. This research uses an explanative qualitative method with data collected through literature study. The conceptual framework used to examine the data is of national economic importance. This study found China's efforts in the form of subsidies, workers search assistance to tax cuts. Keywords: China, Foxconn, Exploitation, National Economic Interest ABSTRACT This study aims to provide description about the Chinese Government's Efforts to Achieve Economic Interest by Leveraging the Foxconn Labor Exploitation Issue in 2010-2016. In the economic development in China, Deng Xiapoing issued an open door policy that caused foreign companies to enter, one of them and the biggest one was Foxconn. Foxconn entered China in 1988 and greatly influenced the economic development in China. But over time, Foxconn exploited his workers. China Labor Watch has a report on the exploitation and China still allows Foxconn to operate. China actually seeks to keep Foxconn investing. This research uses an explanative qualitative method with data collected through literature study. The conceptual framework used to examine the data is of national economic importance. This study found China's efforts in the form of subsidies, workers search assistance to tax cuts. Keywords: China, Foxconn, Exploitation, National Economic Interest

ABSTRACT The cooperation between Canada and European Union started on 2009 is named as CETA. The reason why CETA is carried out by Canada is to reduce dependence on the United States. However, during the negotiation, Canada faces an obstacles on the agriculture sector. The opening of the Canadian market by increasing the cheese import quota is considered to be harmful to local cheese producers and violates the supply management system that protects the local dairy sector since 1970. This research analyzes economic diplomacy and two-level negotiations (international and domestic) Canada does in 2009 until 2017. The concepts used in this research are economic diplomacy concept and two-level games theory. Research data is obtained from various sources, such as books, journals, scientific research, and reports related to this study. Keywords: CETA, Two-Level Games Theory, Economic Diplomacy, Agriculture Sector

ABSTRACT Environmental issues has internationally become one of the main agenda. Enviromental damage on a large scale has become one of the main cause of the worsening of water quality sanitation in Indonesia. Regarding that issue, United States Agency For International Development (USAID) provide assistance to improve the clean water quality and sanitation in Indonesia through Environmental Service Program (ESP). ESP has done a lot of efforts in restoring the quality of clean water and sanitation in Indonesia which can be shown by capacity growth, growth of environmental awareness, also policy advocacy. Other than that, through the ESP program USAID has also become a median between the local community and the government in their effort to improve the quality of clean water and sanitation. Key words: Clean water and sanitation,Environmental Service Program, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT This research is attempting to describe the Indonesia's economic diplomacy to Myanmar after Myanmar's democratic transition, in an effort to increase Indonesia's investment in Myanmar. This qualitative-descriptive research uses the concept of democratization, economic diplomacy, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in explicating the research's result. The initiation of Indonesia's investment in Myanmar was based on the close bilateral relationship between the two countries, especially during the time when Myanmar was transitioning into a democratic country in 2011. Indonesia, through its BUMN, conducts various economic diplomacy efforts to invest in Myanmar including work visits, assessment of cooperation, permit or proposal application, administrative management, tender, MoU draft discussion, correspondence cooperation, direct observation on Myanmar's market, and many others. However, not all of the efforts run smoothly; many obstacles must be overcome. Indonesia's economic diplomacy efforts between 2011-2013 have increased Indonesian investment value in Myanmar from US$ 241,3million to US$ 600 million. Keywords: Economic Diplomacy, Foreign Direct Investment, Democratization

This research aims to explain the reason of People's Republic of China (PRC) in developing anti-satellite (ASAT) using qualitative research method. In 2007, PRC succeeded in ASAT trial by destroying their old weather satellite, Fengyun-1C. PRC in its foreign politics strategy stated that PRC would contribute to create the world peace. Their statement was in contrast with ASAT launching. The launching of ASAT inflicts protests of other states, especially United States. Each of them has super power both in economic and military. PRC is known as the economic based-state, while at the other side also giving their attention towards the military. This research uses defensive neo-realism, and space control as the framework. This research found that, the main reason for PRC developing their ASAT is caused by the US' attempt to dominate the space and also attempt to dominate full spectrum. Keywords: China, anti-satellite (ASAT), Defensive Neo-realism, Space Control

ABSTRACT This research explains the efforts made by Humane Society International (HSI) to encourage change of animal testing practice in People's Republic of China. To do so, Qualitiative Research is selected as the methodology, and all research related data is acquired via secondary means or through the use of both online and printed literatures. Afterwards, the data will be analyzed using Animal Rights and Power of International Organization concepts, focusing on the power possessed by Non-Governmental Organization. At the end, the research will show the motivation behind HSI's efforts, as well as every programs under the umbrella of a grand campaign known as Be Cruelty-Free in 2013-2016. The campaign will be seen as means to effectively implement power which later raising the awareness of Chinese society and government on the importance of protection toward so-called laboratory animals and ultimately ease the change of direction toward policy and practice of animal testing. Key Words: International organization, campaign, animal rights, power

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe policy changes made by the United States to stabilize its domestic situation. During the Bush administration the United States received a shocking attack from terrorist groups. Bush made NSEERS policy to secure his country and improve the image of the United States as a large and powerful country. But the NSEERS policy implemented by Bush had a significant economic downturn for the United States. So through the next Obama era, the United States terminated the NSEERS policy.This study uses the concept of Rational Actor Choice and Determinant in an effort to explain the NSEERS policy termination decision. By using quasi-qualitative writing methods the author concludes that the United States through Obama has calculated the termination of the NSEERS, the Obama administration prioritizes economic goals rather than emphasizing security interests or public opinion during the government era before that was Bush. Keywords : United States, Obama, Economy, NSEERS

ABSTRACT Foreign aid is one example of an issue that often appears in a study of International Relations. Countries like the United States often use foreign aid to respond some issues like conflict which is happening in South Sudan.The United States has supported those country since the beginning of its independence and when the civil war struck again in mid-December 2013, those country committed to continue its support through the provision of foreign aid. On one side, congress then questioned about the circumstances of South Sudan whose has not shown any progress yet. Some member of congress has suggested that the United States should prioritize the humanitarian aid to helping South Sudan society, one of the example is could be through the international institutions such as WFP. This study aims to see the reason of United States channels its multilateral funding contribution for South Sudan through WFP (World Food Programme). Keywords: State, United States, World Food Programme (WFP), Foreign Aid, South Sudan, Civil War, Multilateral Contribution

ABSTRACT North Korea frequently conduct tests of nuclear weapons has made Japan a worried over these actions. Although North Korea does not directly target the missile to the Japan territorial, still Japan government criticized sharply over the nuclear weapons test. North Korea's nuclear weapons that can directly reach Japan frequently surely make Japan feel threatened. Japan decided to change the military concept from Basic Defence Force t into a Dynamic Defence Force. The base Defence Force Basic defense Concept focused on building strong-power passive defense. As the research question is how Japan through Dynamic Defence Force policy to respond to North Korea's nuclear weapons development, this research aims to analyze how Dynamic Defence Force policy of Japan being able to respond and mitigate the threat posed through the ownership of its nuclear weapons by using the concept of the balance of threat and deterrence.The concept analyzes how a country is doing a balancing act as a deterrence effort to be able to protect against the threats that exist. For that Japan decided to change the concept of the defence of the Basic Defence Force into a Dynamic Defence Force, because Japan felt that the concept of the Basic Defence Force are no longer able to protect his country from the threats that exist.This research uses qualitative descriptivemethod with the use of the official documents issued by Japan and the related journals as a source of data. Keywords: Japan, North Korea, The Basic Defence Force, The Basic Dynamic Defence Force, Nuclear Weapons

ABSTRACT Since the haze crisis becomes a transnational issue in the Southeast Asia region, ASEAN has formulated an initiative by creating a partnership within a framework of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) in 2002 as a form to overcome the haze issue. However, Indonesia as one of the country which is causing the haze issue has become the last country to ratify this agreement. As the research question is how ASEAN does encourage Indonesia to ratify AATHP, this research aims to analyze the dynamic of the role performed by ASEAN using the concept of the role and function of international organizations. This concept is able to analyze the role of ASEAN as an independent actor and the efforts by ASEAN as an arena that also explains the function of ASEAN for its role. The role of ASEAN is then able to influence Indonesia to ratify AATHP. The success of the ratification carried out by Indonesia is inseparable from the power by ASEAN which then gives the ability to shame to Indonesia as the last country to ratify AATHP. This research uses descriptive qualitative method using official documents issued by ASEAN and related journals as data sources. Keywords: Indonesia, ASEAN, Role and Function, Asean Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP)

This study aims to analyze the rationalization behind the decision to implement an indirect approach in dealing with the problem of terrorism in the Philippines by the United States. The policy, which was later referred to as Operation Enduring Freedom, is an operation to deal with the threat of terrorism by the Abu Sayyaf Group which is connected to the global terror network after the 911 attack which was carried out with an indirect approach through military-civilian operations, economic assistance, educational assistance, health assistance, and infrastructure assistance to hinder the operations of the Abu Sayyaf Group. This study uses an explanatory qualitative method with data collected through literature study. The conceptual framework used in this research is the concept of rational actor. The results of this study are an overview of the process of rationalizing the steps taken by the United States. Keywords: United States, Philippines, Operation Enduring Freedom, Rational Actor Model

Thailand is one of the countries with great potential in the medical tourism sector. From 2003 to 2008 the Thai government had a program to increase its medical tourism entitled "Thailand: The Excellent Medical Hub of Asia". From 2008 to 2014 the Thai government did not include medical tourism on its government agenda, where in 2014 there was a decline in the arrival of foreign patients. The Thai government seeks to maximize the sector by creating branding for its country as "Thailand As A World Class Health Care Provider" from 2014 to 2018. To realize the country's branding, the Thai government implemented a branding strategy, namely the promotion of Thai medical tourism through the application of minimum prices, the Thai government's visa policy, and the development of Thai medical facilities and services. Keywords : medical tourism, nation branding, strategy, Thailand