Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; Abstract Availability of data is probably one of the most important determinants of progress in the social sciences and in demography in particular. Extra-territorial voting introduces a new data source for diaspora studies, a source that opens the way to the analysis of both dispersion over territory and political participation. Here we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of censuses for absentee voters as a data source in the territorial and demographic approach to diasporas, paying special attention to the Spanish Census for absentee voters. Résumé La disponibilité de données est probablement un des plus importants facteurs de progrès dans le domaine des sciences sociales et de la démographie en particulier. L'introduction du vote à l'étranger a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans le cadre de l'étude des diasporas. Cet article discute les avantages et les inconvénients des recensements des électeurs absents en tant que source de données dans une approche territoriale et démographique des diasporas. Il prête également une attention particulière au recensement espagnol des électeurs absents.
In a comparative assessment of the pre‐pandemic living conditions of migrants and refugees in six South American countries, we analyse the structural and contingent challenges imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic on these populations. We argue that they are particularly exposed to the harmful effects of the pandemic, given their segmented incorporation into labour markets and their limited and fragmented access to and exercise of health, housing, and other social rights. The evidence points to a significant deterioration in their livelihoods and social inclusion, and potential profound changes in (im)mobility regimes caused by pandemic‐induced restrictive measures.
El inusitado colapso político, económico y social de Venezuela devino en una migración masiva e inesperada, que se dirigió principalmente a países de América Latina. Este artículo indaga cómo, al amparo de los marcos jurídicos vigentes, se producen los procesos de incorporación de esta población que huye desde una crisis humanitaria hacia diversos países de la región latinoamericana. Algunos de ellos con marcos normativos de impronta progresista y más consolidados, mientras otros en una etapa en transición o de rezago, pero en la mayoría de los casos, se trata de países con poca o nula experiencia de acogida de migración. Se analiza evidencia que combina la revisión de leyes, políticas migratorias y medidas ad hoc diseñadas para responder a la migración venezolana, junto con los resultados de una investigación de corte cualitativo, basada en más de 200 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas migrantes recientes en once países latinoamericanos. Los principales resultados dan cuenta de un gradiente que va desde la desprotección a la seguridad jurídica. Este gradiente abarca la improvisación de instrumentos coyunturales, dentro de los que se encuentran las respuestas de Colombia, Chile, Perú o Brasil, y la implementación de marcos normativos más consolidados -México, Uruguay, Argentina-, que han entendido a la migración con una orientación hacia el enfoque de derechos. ; The unprecedented political, economic and social collapse of Venezuela became in a massive and unexpected emigration, which was mainly directed to Latin American countries. This article aims to investigate how the processes of incorporation occur within the legal frameworks for migration enforced in Latin American countries. Where some of them rely on normative frameworks of progressive and more consolidated imprint, others experience a transition or stand at a delay stage, but in general, these are countries with little or no experience of receiving immigrants. The evidence analyzed here combines the documentary review of laws, migration policies and ad hoc measures designed to respond to Venezuelan migration, with the results of a qualitative investigation based on more than 200 semi-structured interviews with recent migrants in eleven Latin American countries. The main results point to an array of responses that goes from lack of protection to legal certainty. This gradient goes from the improvisation of specific instruments, such as the responses from Colombia, Chile, Peru or Brazil, to the enforcement of more established regulatory frameworks -Mexico, Uruguay, Argentina- that conceive migration from the human rights perspective.
La incorporación de los inmigrantes recientes en el mercado de trabajo uruguayo se ha caracterizado por una mayor concentración en ocupaciones de media y alta calificación, con importante incidencia de la sobreeducación. Este proceso ocurre en un mercado de trabajo ya segmentado por distintos ejes de desigualdad por clase ocupacional, género y ascendencia étnico-racial. Este artículo examina si la condición migratoria introduce un nuevo eje de segmentación. Los resultados derivados del análisis de los ingresos por trabajo con base en la Encuesta Continua de Hogares del período 2013-2017, muestran que efectivamente esto es así. La condición migratoria y la duración de la estancia en Uruguay se entrelazan con otras capas de segmentación del mercado laboral uruguayo, pero de manera variable a lo largo de la distribución del ingreso.
Extant research on international migration in English overwhelmingly focuses on migration to and in Europe and North America. Yet major migration movements occur outside of these regions. This mismatch leads to a neglect of the multi-faceted migration dynamics beyond the global North. Uruguay is a case in point for two reasons. First, the country has become both a significant destination for inter-regional movements and a crucial albeit unexpected stop along an extended international route. Second, both the country's migration policies and research agenda have promptly responded to the surge in migration by examining recent migrants' quality of life and issues of social inclusion. In this country report, we use the hitherto understudied case of Uruguay as an illustrative example to showcase potential policy and scholarship lessons for international migration. We argue that Uruguay constitutes an important case for future migration scholarship and policy outlook, because it enhances our understanding of how host countries can promote migrants' social inclusion and well-being, even in the face of significant structural inequalities affecting both native and migrant populations. Hence, Uruguay's experiences against the backdrop of recent migration in-flows have implications for migration scholarship and policy in regional (Latin America and Caribbean) and global contexts.
The COVID-19 health crisis has put to the test Latin America's already precarious social protection systems. This paper comparatively examines what type of social protection has been provided, by whom, and to what extent migrant and refugee populations have been included in these programmes in seven countries of the region during the COVID-19 pandemic, between March and December 2020. We develop a typology of models of social protection highlighting the assemblages of actors, different modes of protection and the emerging migrants' subjectification in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay in relation to Non-Contributory Social Transfer (NCST) programmes and other actions undertaken by state and non-state actors. The analysis is based on 85 semi-structured interviews with representatives of national and local governments, International Organisations, Civil Society Organisations, and migrant-led organisations across 16 cities, and a systematic review of regulatory frameworks in the country-case studies. The proposed typology shows broad heterogeneity and complexity regarding different degrees of inclusion of migrant and refugee populations, particularly in pre-existing and new NCST programmes. These actions are furthering notions of migrant protection that are contingent and crisis-driven, imposing temporal limitations that often selectively exclude migrants based on legal status. It also brings to the fore the path-dependent nature of policies and practices of exclusion/inclusion in the region, which impact on migrants' effective access to social and economic rights, while shaping the broader dynamics of migration governance in the region.
Marcia Vera Espinoza - orcid:0000-0001-6238-7683 orcid:0000-0001-6238-7683 ; The COVID-19 health crisis has put to the test Latin America's already precarious social protection systems. This paper comparatively examines what type of social protection has been provided, by whom, and to what extent migrant and refugee populations have been included in these programmes in seven countries of the region during the COVID-19 pandemic, between March and December 2020. We develop a typology of models of social protection highlighting the assemblages of actors, different modes of protection and the emerging migrants' subjectification in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay in relation to Non-Contributory Social Transfer (NCST) programmes and other actions undertaken by state and non-state actors. The analysis is based on 85 semi-structured interviews with representatives of national and local governments, International Organisations, Civil Society Organisations, and migrant-led organisations across 16 cities, and a systematic review of regulatory frameworks in the country-case studies. The proposed typology shows broad heterogeneity and complexity regarding different degrees of inclusion of migrant and refugee populations, particularly in pre-existing and new NCST programmes. These actions are furthering notions of migrant protection that are contingent and crisis-driven, imposing temporal limitations that often selectively exclude migrants based on legal status. It also brings to the fore the path-dependent nature of policies and practices of exclusion/inclusion in the region, which impact on migrants' effective access to social and economic rights, while shaping the broader dynamics of migration governance in the region. ; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00265-x ; 9 ; pub ; pub
