Suchergebnisse

Who are the child abusers? Who kills children? How can we learn from the available research to improve the protection of children? This book examines the available evidence and challenges the myths and controversies that have emerged in this contested area. It is a useful reading for professionals in the field of child protection

In the first international comparative study of neurological mortality, which found that between 1989 and 1997, and based on the latest WHO available data, twelve of the twenty-one Western countries had substantial increases in neurological deaths (Pritchard et al., 2004) and by 2021 every-one of the twenty-one Western nations had significant rises in neurological deaths (Pritchard et al., 2013, 2017). In this new study presented here, we use WHO data (WHO, 2020) and the ONS (ONS, 2022) data for England and Wales up to 2020. Previously, increases have been assumed largely due to demography and improved accurate diagnostics (the Gompertzian hypothesis). Our results challenge the idea that the increases are mainly due to demography. We explore the multi-interactive environmental factors that have probably contributed to the rising neurological morbidity, ranging from petrochemicals, organophosphates, endocrine-disruptive chemicals, food additives, plastics, heavy metals in water and human breast milk.

Child mortality rates (CMR) indicate how a nation meets the needs of its children, so relative to their region, do some countries 'neglect' their children? Using William Penn (1693) statement 'It's a reproach to religion and government to suffer so much poverty and excess' to judge nations CMR from three world regions within the context of poverty, health and military gross domestic product (GDP) expenditure data. West (n= 21): USA, New Zealand and Canada are a reproach—Sweden, Japan Finland and Norway are commended. Asia (n= 17]: Pakistan, Myanmar and India are a reproach. Singapore and Thailand commended. Sub‐Saharan Africa (n= 33): Relative to their region, Madagascar and Namibia are commended. Twelve countries failed the United Nations (UN) target, including the relatively rich Nigeria and South Africa. Poverty and higher CMR are linked in all three regions. Relative poverty and military expenditures correlated in the West but not in the other regions. In the pursuit of social justice, societies need to be alerted to the extent of the impact of poverty on child mortality even though some countries will find this challenging.

AbstractThe annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is here used as astandardmeasure against which to compare expenditure on Health & Welfare and Defence budgets, between Conservative and Labour governments and the four largest EC countries 1973/4‐1993/4.An analysis of Mrs Thatcher's governments' expenditure shows that proportionately less GDP went to General Government Expenditure (GGE) than all the other European Community countries. Mrs Thatcher's first government maintained the unprecedented level of GDP devoted to Health reached in 1978/79, but successive administrations began to reduce, and, plan further reductions of GDP for the NHS. Relative decreases of GDP were also found in relation to expenditure on Social Security, Housing, and Personal Social Services and Defence.The governments of France, Germany and Italy provided more of their GDP to health than Britain, whilst at the same time we spent more on Defence and Law & Order & Public Safety. This raises the question: what can we afford for the NHS?A review of demographic changes shows that the British infant and elderly population, who are associated with demands for health, were proportionately more numerous than in France, Germany and Italy. This suggests the need for more UK health expenditure if Britain is to meet current and future needs.