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The presence & activities of Scottish missionaries in Palestine, 1917-1948, are discussed. Originally sent to Palestine to convert the Jews to Christianity, Scottish missionaries played a significant role in GB's administration of Palestine. Whereas Scottish missionaries were granted religious liberty & equality by British administrators, thus facilitating their evangelical mission, British officials often requested information & advice from the former because of the missionaries' intimate knowledge of local conditions. In addition, since the Scottish missionaries maintained a position of neutrality in Arab-Jewish conflicts, they were counted on by the British administration to resolve misunderstandings between the competing religious groups. Although Zionism was viewed as a hindrance to the evangelical mission, Scottish missionaries maintained neutrality to protect themselves & church property. Despite the moderate success of the impartial Scottish missionaries in improving Arab-Jewish relations in Hebron & Tiberias, it is concluded that their efforts at reconciliation proved ineffective. J. W. Parker

A major problem encountered by the builders of many of the new states in Africa has been that of defining a satisfactory position for the traditional tribal authorities in a more integrated and democratic political system. In Botswana a solution has been sought not only at the level of local government, where much of the Chiefs' power has been transferred to elected district councils, but also at the national level, where a House of Chiefs has been created to advise Government and Parliament. This body merits examination as a constructive effort to synthesise indigenous and imported institutions, and to accommodate the interests and demands of the hereditary rulers and their more conservative subjects, who remain deeply rooted in the tribal structure, in a manner which is acceptable to the new élite and their supporters, who are eager to modernise quickly.