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This article focuses on the participation of peasants from Italy's Puglia region in the construction of a democratic and republican Italy. Hope in decisive social change was reinforced among peasants by the end of Fascism and the birth of the Italian Republic. Trade unionists played a fundamental role in raising consciousness among peasants of their rights. Peasants themselves became promoters of new democratic values and challenged the attitudes of patronage which has hindered their acceptance as legitimate social subjects. The peasant movement met violent repression by the police. The link between conflict and democracy could not have been stronger. Peasants' consciousness raising was coupled with the capacity to direct social conflict in institutional channels and to secure the support of the community. The democratic value of these occupations was defended by antifascist political leaders who formed part of the constituent assembly such as the Minister of Agriculture Fausto Gullo and the Senator Lelio Basso. Gullo and Basso also acted as lawyers in defence of peasants and trade unionists from Puglia. Therefore, what is at stake here is a double democratic phenomenon, with peasants on one side and southern Italian institutions on the other. ; This article focuses on the participation of peasants from Italy's Puglia region in the construction of a democratic and republican Italy. Hope in decisive social change was reinforced among peasants by the end of Fascism and the birth of the Italian Republic. Trade unionists played a fundamental role in raising consciousness among peasants of their rights. Peasants themselves became promoters of new democratic values and challenged the attitudes of patronage which has hindered their acceptance as legitimate social subjects. The peasant movement met violent repression by the police. The link between conflict and democracy could not have been stronger. Peasants' consciousness raising was coupled with the capacity to direct social conflict in institutional channels and to secure the support of the community. The democratic value of these occupations was defended by antifascist political leaders who formed part of the constituent assembly such as the Minister of Agriculture Fausto Gullo and the Senator Lelio Basso. Gullo and Basso also acted as lawyers in defence of peasants and trade unionists from Puglia. Therefore, what is at stake here is a double democratic phenomenon, with peasants on one side and southern Italian institutions on the other.

Bereits Anfang der 50er Jahre begann Deutschland die Verhandlungen mit verschiedenen Ländern über die Anwerbung von Arbeitskräften. Im Jahre 1957 folgten die Römischen Verträge, die als Grundlage für die Entstehung der Europäischen Union angesehen werden können. Seither sind fast 50 Jahre vergangen, und in Deutschland lebt mittlerweile eine zweite bzw. dritte Generation von Zuwanderern. Außerdem ist Deutschland mit neuen Formen der Mobilität in Europa konfrontiert. Was bedeuten diese Prozesse und Entwicklungen für die Zuwanderer in Deutschland, für ihre Eingliederung bzw. Ausgrenzung innerhalb der Aufnahmegesellschaft? Ist mittlerweile innerhalb der "Gastarbeitergeneration" eine kulturelle und geistige Elite entstanden, oder wird die Elite immer noch aus dem Ausland rekrutiert? Und welche Chance hat sie im universitären Leben in Deutschland? Findet sie einen Zugang zu einer höheren Position oder ist sie mit Formen der Exklusion konfrontiert? In dieser Expertise haben wir Zahlen und Daten über die Geisteswissenschaftlerinnen mit Migrationshintergrund in Beruf und Arbeitsmarkt am Beispiel des wissenschaftlichen Standorts Berlin gesammelt und analysiert.

Außerordentliches ist der Versuch, Aspekte der Persönlichkeit und der in vielen Bereichen wegweisenden Arbeit von Albert Lichtblau zu fassen. Der Historiker und Universitätsprofessor prägte Generationen im Verständnis von Erinnerung, wobei seine Konzentration auf innovativen Methoden wie Oral und Video History lag. Weltweit öffneten sich Menschen seinem besonderen Gesprächsstil und trugen dazu bei, Geschichte auf einer neuen Ebene fühlbar zu machen. Essays und wissenschaftliche Beiträge zu beruflichen Schwerpunkten, seiner Leidenschaft, Studierende auf Exkursionen direkt mit dem Forschungsumfeld zu konfrontieren, und Persönliches zum Menschen Albert Lichtblau formen diesen Band, zu dem Familienmitgleider sowie freundschaftliche und berufliche Wegbegleiterinnen und Wegbegleiter beitrugen.

GENERAL & WORLD HISTORY. The amount of international research on 'Children and War' carried out by academics, governments and non-governmental organisations has continually increased in recent years. At the same time there has been growing public interest in how children experience military conflicts and how their lives have been affected by war and its aftermath. In light of the many brutal post-colonialist civil wars or 'new wars', especially in Africa and Asia, child soldiers have in particular gained increased attention. Simultaneously, since the 1990s, the history of the Holocaust and World War II has also increasingly been written from the perspective of children; those who speak out now and publish their memoirs experienced the Holocaust as children. A similar generational change has also taken place in the societies of the perpetrators: Germans and Austrians who experienced the war as children took over the role of war witnesses from the soldiers of the German Wehrmacht