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The article analyzes the attitude of Russian neo-populist parties — socialists-revolutionaries and people's socialists — to the problem of rights and freedoms of the individual, which they considered a full subject of social interactions and the basis for building a socialist society. It is shown how much the leaders of these parties devoted to the principles of democracy, humanism and good in their program and tactical settings, and how they combined the passion of public struggle and strict moral imperatives in their political practice. Main research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

The article examines the attitude to radical means of political struggle, in particular, to terror, Russian party of the early twentieth century, referring to the populist direction of socialism — the socialist–revolutionaries (SRS) and people's socialists (Anosov). The similarities and differences of views of the most prominent representatives of these parties on the need to use extreme methods of struggle, as well as the evolution of their attitude to terror due to changes in the political situation in Russia are shown. Main research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

The article deals with the causes, course and consequences of the split in 1917, Russia's largest political party — the Socialist-Revolutionaries. We give the political assessment of this event, representatives of the national data of democratic socialism — Right Socialist–Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, People's Socialists. With a different attitude towards the SRP, they all agreed that the split of the Socialist–Revolutionary Party not only caused irreparable damage to itself but led to extremely negative consequences for the entire development of democracy in revolutionary Russia. Basic research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

В статье рассматриваются нравственные ценности и этические принципы социалистических партий ведущих России в начале двадцатого века. В конкретных примерах, показанных являются как различные имеют эти ориентации, в зависимости от характера политических сил - их среду: на практике партий "демократического социализма" - эсеров, народные социалисты, меньшевики доминировали принципы для гуманистических ценностей плюрализма, свободы, уважения к человеческой личности; для последователей так называемой "классовой морали" - главная ценность большевиков была политическая целесообразность. Мы даем взаимную оценку членов этих противоположных подходов к проблеме соотношения политики и морали, убедительно доказывает, что версия большевистская социализма категорически нельзя назвать демократическими. Основные методы исследования: анализ, синтез, биографический метод, аналогия, сравнение.

The article analyzes the program views of representatives of the right wing of the Russian neonarodnichestvo — Socialist Party of People — by the state Institute of problems, the state of the Russian state in the first quarter of the twentieth century, as well as determine the appropriate directions and possible prospects of its development. It is shown that the national socialists were not completely characteristic of anti–state judgment and mood in any form; on the contrary, a socialist state in the future, they tied a just social system, the growth of general and civic culture of the Russian population. The main principle of their ideological concept was the recognition of the basic role of the state in political, social, economic processes in the lawmaking. This statist views Popular Socialists were flexible and dialectical; their commitment to the state as the principal political institution was not dogmatic, not overshadow the interests of society and the individual. Basic research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

The article analyzes the attitude of Russian neo-populist parties — socialists-revolutionaries and people's socialists — to the problem of rights and freedoms of the individual, which they considered a full subject of social interactions and the basis for building a socialist society. It is shown how much the leaders of these parties devoted to the principles of democracy, humanism and good in their program and tactical settings, and how they combined the passion of public struggle and strict moral imperatives in their political practice. Main research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.