Suchergebnisse

Few data sources provide information on private transfers between generations and gender. We use a novel approach based on the National Transfer Accounts methodology to estimate the value of intra-family transfers between generations by age, gender and parental status in Austria 2015. The paper considers monetary transfers together with transfers of consumption goods and transfers of services produced by non-market work. Our results show that parents use one third of their disposable income and up to four hours of daily non-market work for their children. The total size of the intra-family transfers corresponds to 38 per cent of primary income.

Agent-Based Computational Demography (ABCD) aims at starting a new stream of research among social scientists whose interests lie in understanding demographic behaviour. The book takes a micro-demographic (agent-based) perspective and illustrates the potentialities of computer simulation as an aid in theory building. The chapters of the book, written by leading experts either in demography or in agent-based modelling, address several key questions. Why do we need agent-based computational demography? How can ABCD be applied to the study of migrations, family demography, and historical demography? What are the peculiarities of agent-based models as applied to the demography of human populations? ABCD is of interest to all scientists interested in studying demographic behaviour, as well as to computer scientists and modellers who are looking for a promising field of application

Demografische Faktoren beeinflussen die Wirtschaftsentwicklung über den Arbeitsmarkt, das Konsum-, Spar- und Investitionsverhalten, die Produktivität, das Wirtschaftswachstum und die Umverteilung der Ressourcen sowohl zwischen den Generationen als auch zwischen unterschiedlichen Bevölkerungsgruppen der gleichen Generation. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragen die Verfasser nach den ökonomischen Konsequenzen der gegenwärtigen demografischen Situation und der zu erwartenden demografischen Trends. Im Vordergrund steht die demografische Entwicklung in vier Ländern, die vier bezüglich ihrer demografischen Entwicklung charakteristische Regionen Europas (Nord-, Süd- und Westeuropa, deutschsprachige Länder) repräsentieren: Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien und Schweden. Im Anschluss gehen die Verfasser im Detail auf den Arbeitsmarkt, die Produktivität und das Wirtschaftswachstum ein. Sie befürworten eine erschöpfende Nutzung des Arbeitskräftepotenzials und eine Reform der Sozialsysteme. (ICE2)

It is widely accepted that environmental and demographic changes will significantly influence the future of our society. In recent years, an increasing number of studies has analyzed the interlinkages among economic growth, environmental factors and a specific demographic variable, namely life expectancy, applying an overlapping generations framework. The aim of this survey is threefold. First, we review the role of life expectancy and pollution for sustainable growth. Second, we discuss the role of intervening factors like health investment and technological progress as well as institutional settings including government expenditures, tax structures and inequality. Finally, we summarize policy implications obtained in different models and compare them to each other.

This study analyses age-specific differences in income trends in nine European countries. Based on data from National Accounts and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we quantify age-specific changes in income between 2008 and 2017 and decompose these changes into employment, wages, and public transfer components. Results show that income of the younger age groups stagnated or declined in most countries since 2008, while income of the older population increased. The decomposition analysis indicates that the main drivers of the diverging trends are higher employment among the older population and a strong increase in public pensions, especially for women.