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This work explores phenomenological structural sociology, specifically the use of phenomenological structuralism in an effort to resolve the structure/agency problematic of the social sciences within structurationist sociological theory. Through its analysis and critique of structurationist sociology, the underlying tenets of this problematic of the social sciences are outlined. The text goes on to synthesize Haitian and Vilokan idealism, phenomenology, Althusserian structural Marxism, quantum mechanics, and Ludwig Wittgenstein's notion of language games in order to offer an alternative reading of the structure/agency problematic, which holds onto the notions of structure, duality, dualism, and the individual's rational ability to choose to account for the constitution of the individual and society in the resource framework of the earth.

Judaism and Christianity have different meanings for the concept of 'God.' These religions rely on different transmitted texts. Different words - in the biblical Hebrew, biblical Greek, biblical Latin, biblical English - contribute to confusion in meaning. For example, what does 'elohim' mean? Is there a difference between 'Yah' and 'Yahweh'? This book examines this confusion in meaning in the biblical texts. This confusion is at the heart of the divorce of Judaism and Christianity. Despite this, we can have a new way of understanding the concept "God", by which one may re-examine and support a minority point of view in rabbinic tradition, known as the "two powers in heaven" doctrine. Given this revision, there is ample reason for enlightened renewal of a "messianic" interpretation of both Jewish and Christian faiths. This book, therefore, speaks to theologians, philosophers of religion with interests in Jewish and Christian religious traditions, students of philosophy, and informed believers.

The contents of this book are mainly based on ideas discussed within the framework of the 2016 International Conference on Typography and Visual Communication (ICTVC). This event was initiated at the beginning of the new millennium and has since developed into an internationally respected event. The chapters included in this volume provide evidence of visual communication as an established discipline where critical research informs design practice, printing history lays the foundations for future projects, and professional practice benefits from cross-disciplinary collaborations.The anthology investigates both current and future challenges and priorities in the field of design for visual communication, and will serve to provide a vivid spark to start a discourse in this regard. It will become a working tool and reference point for people interested in studying and researching typography and visual communication.

By adopting Social Movement Theories (SMT) as a basic framework to analyze the 2011 uprisings in the Middle East, this book disentangles the role of alternative networks and other forms of political conflict with reference to the Egyptian case in mobilising and forming a potential revolutionary movement. During the 2011 uprisings in Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood monopolised the space of dissent, preventing the formation of common identities among the protesters. Particularly social actors in the "Egyptian Street" and other opposition groups did not find any place within the post-uprisings government and have been demobilised by the politics and political discourse of a pseudo Neo-Nasserism, implemented by the regime after the 2013 military coup.

This collection of articles discusses the basic epistemological issues facing the global theoretical humanities in terms of cross-cultural points of view. The topics discussed especially concern theoretical semiotics, institutional restrictions of current humanities scholarship, and comparative historical semiotics, as well as the more applicable and empirical-rational-directed humanist ethics. The text is characterized by its hermeneutic dialogue between contemporary western theories and traditional Chinese intellectual history, that will be instructive and informative for scholars and theoretical readers of all branches in both the western and non-western humanities. It emphasizes the great significance of the theoretical humanities in our times and their urgent task should lie in collectively reconstructing a more rationalized humanist-scientific foundation for a new type of human sciences through critically reorganizing all intellectual sources of mankind.

Honour killing, as it is widely understood, is the cold-blooded murder of a woman or a man involved with her, by the male members of her household in order to cleanse the reputation of the family, clan, community or tribe. This violent tradition in the name of religion, custom and culture continues to be carried out in a significantly large part of the world. The majority of people still believe that honour killings happen for reasons such as marriage from choice or a love affair of a kinswoman, rape, a demand for divorce from a woman, or the birth of a female child, all of which are perceived as bringing shame on the family. However, current research on honour killing suggests that there are a number of intriguing and very cleverly knitted plots of jealousy, greed, violence and murder which show that, in the name of honour, various other purposes are being served and people are killed in ways which give the impression that they are honour killings. By collecting data from people involved in such situations, this book opens a Pandora's box, showing that such killings are carried out not to assuage the hurt honour of a patriarchal society, but to serve a variety of malign intentions, goals and agendas. It will serve to let the world comprehend the phenomenon of honour-related violence where culture and crime unite under the umbrella of highly discriminating laws against women. This book consists of twenty-six testimonies from those involved in honour killings, bringing together interviews with killers, victims and the falsely accused.

This volume discusses the history of the formation of the ideas of freedom, and different approaches to economic liberalism and their consequences on policy decisions and democracy. It then moves on to look at the relationship between democracy (meant as the collective legislator), the State (as the leading player in welfare and international relations), and the global market (as a hidden and dematerialized, neo-sovereign law-maker). It shows that it is a mistake to accept the hypothesis of the irreconcilability of these institutions by strengthening only one of them, the market, to the detriment of the two others. The book argues that the irreconcilability is the result of man's choices, and proposes an agreement of cultural and economic cooperation aimed at spreading instruction, well-being and peace for all.

This book looks into the developmental policies that have been followed in India since independence and their impact on both the environment and human rights. It also explores some of the major theoretical discourses, and debates these topics and the responses large-scale developmental projects in India have elicited from marginalized sections of society. The book presents a synoptic view of how sustainable development in India may be attained, focusing on three controversial Indian developmental projects, namely the Narmada River Valley project, bauxite mining by Vedanta Resources in Orissa and Kudankulam nuclear power plant, taking these cases as representative of large-scale developmental projects laid out in India.

This issue of the International Journal of Business Anthropology contains seven articles including a special section of four papers from Japan with an editorial commentary. The editorial commentary briefly introduces business anthropology in Japan and the goals of editing a collection of articles from Japan. The first essay, "From 'Galapagos Syndrome' to Globalization: Japanese Businesses between Tradition and Virtual Reality" by Mary Reisel, presents the cultural factors that block traditional Japanese corporations from adapting faster to globalization, and explores the growing gap between them and the new virtual industries that are rapidly advancing. The second, "Variability of Boundary and Meaning of Diversity Attributes: Studies from Diversity Management at a Japanese SME" by Noriko Yagi, argues that an anthropological approach can contribute more to furthering understanding about the effect of diverse people working together in naturally occurring work groups. The third paper, "Creation of Corporate Identity: The Role of Rites and Symbol in Management" by Yi Zhu, examines by anthropological methods the ways in which a corporate entity's rites and symbols in management help construct a unique corporate identity, and the ways in which community members can cultivate a strong sense of belonging. The fourth article, "The New Business of Buddhism" by Yuko Nakamura, discusses the recent phenomenon of Japanese Buddhist organizations engaging in economic ventures such as restaurant businesses. The fifth essay, "Shared Business Culture Value: An Anthropological Study of the Endogenous Mechanism of Islamic Food Safety in China" by Shao-Hong Yong et al., proposes a conceptual model of a "Shared Business Culture Value" as the endogenous mechanism of Islamic food safety in China. The sixth paper, "Enterprise Anthropology: The Fourth Evolution of

This book provides a thorough examination of the phenomenon of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom. It begins by arguing that Euroscepticism has roots as far back as when the process of European integration first came into being, and that it is not new in British politics. As a suggestion of opposition to the process of European integration, Euroscepticism dates back to the early days of founding a union in Western Europe. This book shows that Eurosceptic Britain is a product of a variety of factors particularly related to history, politics, culture, and geography. The unique specificities of the British political system comprise another important reason for Eurosceptic attitudes in Britain. The book also examines the relation between the Eurosceptic discourse in Britain and the structure of the European Union's institutions. It argues that much of British Euroscepticism is about the way these institutions are operated. Most importantly, it highlights that the enduring Eurozone crisis has contributed to shaping recent varieties of scepticism towards the European Union as a whole, before concluding that Euroscepticism could not relocate Britain outside its natural place within Europe.

To examine the political role of architecture, this book presents an original engagement with the largest center of attraction in Tehran, namely, its bazaar. Through a rigorous study, it goes beyond the conventional sociopolitical and architectural discourses of this marketplace by considering architecture as an event. This book offers alternative modes of spatial thinking on a micropolitical level. Emphasis is placed on the focused exploration of key notions mainly drawn from the works of Michel Foucault. It deploys effective methods and shows how philosophical concepts can be deployed as a tool to analyse the ways through which architecture transforms individuals through the act of exchange--whether of words, things, bodies, or thoughts.

This book investigates the impact of creative writing tests on classroom practice in Pakistan. All National Education Policies in Pakistan since 1959 have expressed grave concern at the deteriorating standard of Board Examinations but no significant steps have been taken to improve the examination system. The method of assessment in the Pakistani classroom is influenced by the Board Examinations, with the students memorising the essays and stories from their textbooks and reproducing them. The Board Examination tends to produce negative washback as it damages learners' creative talents. Appropriate changes in the textbooks and the external examination, however, will, in turn, definitely improve the teaching and assessment practices in the classroom.

This volume examines the various modalities of imperial engagements with the colonized peoples in the former British colonies of India and in sub-Saharan Africa. Articulated through race, gender and medicine, these modalities also became colonial sites of desire addressing colonial anxieties ensuing from concerted engagements. Focussing on colonial India, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Swaziland and Zimbabwe, this volume brings together essays from eminent scholars to examine the dynamics of colonial engagements and their implications in understanding their role in the dominant discourses of the empire. Given its transnational perspective in addressing colonial India and Sub-Saharan Africa, the book will appeal to historians, sociologists, and anthropologists, and to scholars and students in colonial studies, cultural studies, history of medicine and world history.

This book is designed to make public the detailed work that has been developed for the Korean National Standards Project in two areas, namely curriculum development and assessment guideline. The first part of the book provides basic information on Korea and the Korean language, together with its structure and aims. Part Two discusses the four levels of curriculum currently present in high schools and colleges. The third section consists of assessment guidelines to the four levels available in college education.The entire framework offered here is based on the 5Cs principle (specifically Communication, Cultures, Comparisons, Connections, and Communities) promoted by American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, with more fine-tuned specifications of standards for each aspect.

This book is a collection of different studies in the history and development of powerful philosophical ideas, though it is not confined to a particular stage in this history. It highlights to the reader that looking at the history of insightful connections and theories increases the awareness of the importance of providing a historical context that develops a conversation: ideas require minds concerned with them, which renders ideas almost living things. The book studies and relates the ideas of philosophers including Duns Scotus, Leibniz, Hegel, Royce, Kierkegaard, Peirce, and James, among others. If this conversation is an intelligent process, since it requires serious and continuous thought, then these ideas progress along with the minds that conceptualise them.