Suchergebnisse

Peace Studies constitute an element often mentioned among the theoretical proposals in the framework of what came to be known as the "fourth debate", coming to contest the deepest assumptions of the realist and positivist approaches in international relations. In this text I seek to clarify how that identity of the Peace Studies School was constructed on the basis of negotiations regarding inner tensions in its own discourse. Afterwards, I will argue about a des-virtualization of Peace Studies, questioning the avenues for possible rescuing of its original critical and emancipatory meaning in current days. Adapted from the source document.

The leading role taken on by Portugal since the middle of the 1980's in the debate surrounding the creation of an international regime for the ocean is quite remarkable. Portugal's tradition of largely passive foreign policy, marked chiefly by prudence & by a close alignment with the policies agreed to by the member states of the EU was broken in 1995 by an important set of initiatives in the area of oceanic diplomacy. The focus of these was the Independent World Commission for Oceans (IWCO). This article analyzes the role of IWCO as a new institutional model, one that marks a tradition between the traditional & the "post-Westphalian" worlds, & examines the role played by Portugal in the work of this commission. In this context, it analyzes the concept of the new internationalism through which states work with actors such as NGO's & social movements in order to encourage structural change in the international agenda. Adapted from the source document.