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Public Trust, Institutional Legitimacy, and the Use of Algorithms in Criminal Justice
In: Public affairs quarterly: PAQ ; philosophical studies of public policy issues, Band 36, Heft 2, S. 136-162
ISSN: 2152-0542
Abstract
A common criticism of the use of algorithms in criminal justice is that algorithms and their determinations are in some sense "opaque"—that is, difficult or impossible to understand, whether because of their complexity or because of intellectual property protections. Scholars have noted some key problems with opacity, including that opacity can mask unfair treatment and threaten public accountability. In this paper, we explore a different but related concern with algorithmic opacity, which centers on the role of public trust in grounding the legitimacy of criminal justice institutions. We argue that algorithmic opacity threatens the trustworthiness of criminal justice institutions, which in turn threatens their legitimacy. We first offer an account of institutional trustworthiness before showing how opacity threatens to undermine an institution's trustworthiness. We then explore how threats to trustworthiness affect institutional legitimacy. Finally, we offer some policy recommendations to mitigate the threat to trustworthiness posed by the opacity problem.
Robots and Respect: A Response to Robert Sparrow
In: Ethics & international affairs, Band 30, Heft 3, S. 391-400
ISSN: 1747-7093
Robert Sparrow recently argued in this journal that several initially plausible arguments in favor of the deployment of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) in warfare are in fact flawed, and that the deployment of AWS faces a serious moral objection. Sparrow's argument against AWS relies on the claim that they are distinct from accepted weapons of war in that they either fail to transmit an attitude of respect for enemy combatants or, worse, they transmit an attitude of disrespect. In this reply we argue that this distinction between AWS and widely accepted weapons is illusory, and therefore cannot ground a moral difference between AWS and existing methods of waging war. We also suggest that if deploying conventional soldiers in a given situation would be permissible, but we could expect to cause fewer civilian casualties by instead deploying AWS, then it would be consistent with an intuitive understanding of respect to deploy AWS in this situation.
Right Intention and the Ends of War
In: Journal of military ethics, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 18-35
ISSN: 1502-7589
GMOs, Future Generations, and the Limits of the Precautionary Principle
In: Social philosophy today: an annual journal from the North American Society for Social Philosophy, Band 31, S. 99-109
ISSN: 2153-9448
The ethical underpinnings of climate economics
In: Routledge advances in climate change research
Ethical underpinnings of climate economics
In: Routledge advances in climate change research
Five ethical challenges facing data-driven policing
In: AI and ethics, Band 2, Heft 1, S. 185-198
ISSN: 2730-5961