Indonesia's growing economy causes plastic usage to increase. Consequently, the volume of plastic waste continues to increase over time. In 2015, Indonesia is the second country that pollutes the sea with plastic garbage after China (Jambeck, 2015). The Government of Indonesia is committed to reducing the volume of plastic waste by 30% in 2025, but until now the progress has not been satisfactory. The current development of plastic technology has found environmentally friendly plastic, namely biodegradable plastic which can degrade in a shorter period of time. Technology improvements are still continuing, but there are already visible problems that will become an obstacle, the price of bio-degradable plastics is more expensive than that of non-degradable plastic. People tend to choose non-degradable plastic that is cheap, and avoids biodegradable plastic that is expensive. This study aims to find alternatives of fiscal policies to reduce the volume of plastic waste. This study uses explorative descriptive methodology, in the form of description and explanation of the phenomena that occur in the progress of plastic consumption and production. This study concludes that the combination of incentive and disincentive fiscal policies can be applied to reduce the volume of plastic waste. Fiscal incentives (subsidies) policy can be applied to increase the use of biodegradable plastic and fiscal disincentives (excise) policy can be applied to reduce the use of non-degradable plastic. These policies will not burden the government, will make the plastic waste be degraded faster, and the volume of plastic waste will be reduced significantly.
Keterlibatan TNI dalam darurat Covid-19, tidak menyalahi aturan perundangan-undangan. Karena TNI dilindungi Undang-Undang No. 34 Tahun 2004 tentang TNI, dalam pasal 7 dijelaskan TNI melaksanakan tugas pokoknya melalui Operasi Militer Untuk Perang (OMP) maupun Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP). Melalui OMSP inilah, sejak awal TNI terlibat aktif dalam upaya penanganan Covid-19. Mulai dari observasi di Natuna, membuat rumah sakit di Pulau Galang, menurunkan tenaga medis, evakuasi pemulangan WNI yang terdampak Covid-19 di luar negeri, penjemputan dan distribusi alat-alat kesehatan, penyediaan fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan, penjagaan akses perbatasan. Apalagi sejak diberlakukannya PSBB, tuntutan pelibatan TNI meningkat, karena TNI terlibat langsung dalam pengamanan peliburan sekolah, tempat kerja, pembatasan kegiatan keagamaan dan pembatasan kegiatan pada fasilitas umum.Kata kunci: TNI, Darurat Covid-19, Operasi Militer Selain Perang The involvement of the TNI in the Covid-19 emergency does not violate statutory regulations. Because the TNI is protected by Law no. 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI, Article 7 explains that the TNI carries out its main duties through Military Operations for War (OMP) and Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP). Through this OMSP, from the start the TNI was actively involved in efforts to deal with Covid-19. Starting from observations in Natuna, establishing a hospital on Galang Island, deploying medical personnel, evacuating the return of Indonesian citizens affected by Covid-19 abroad, picking up and distributing medical equipment, providing health facilities and personnel, guarding border access. Especially since the implementation of the PSBB, demands for TNI involvement have increased, because the TNI is directly involved in securing school holidays, workplaces, limiting religious activities and limiting activities to public facilities.Keywords: TNI, Covid-19 Emergency, Military Operations Other Than War
Empirically, the central government of Indonesia introduced a uniform bureaucratic model to the entire territory of the country.This study, which was conducted in Sorong Selatan district of West Papua, is an effort to fill the gaps in both theoretical and empirical level on the relationship between the bureaucracy and political identity. In the area of research, political identity has a significant influence on the bureaucracy. This study discusses how identity politics, particularly ethnicity, works in a variety of lobbying processes by bureaucrats of different ethnic groups to gain strategic positions in bureaucracy. More specifically, it is an attempt to address the question of whether ethnicity affects the appointment of bureaucrats in Sorong Selatan.It was found that ethnic identity became an important factor used as an instrument to support promotion of bureaucrats into important positions. Ethnic identity does not merely reflect cultural differences among diverse ethnic groups but is closely related to the ethnic groups' roles in Sorong Selatan administration. Each ethnic group has a strong basis to claim their determinant role in the local governments and in the election of the Regent. Such a claim serves as the basis for demanding compensation to obtain strategic offices in bureaucracy. It is argued that ethnic identity serves as a political instrument to support the lobbying process.
Ideology is an important part of human life, both as ideals and the system of thinking. Nevertheless not many realize, that ideology is a construction, either consciously or naturally formed. This article is a literature study, in an effort to uncover and illustrate contemplatively the development of education of ideology, especially by placing civic education at Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) as a filter of the radicalisation. The strategy offered is the adoption of integrated curriculum to raise students' conscientization. The article discusses the transformation of Pancasila ideology through: i) urgency of civic education in PTKIN; II) The role of PTKIN to convey Pancasila as national ideology; and (iii) an integrated curriculum model in civic education as an ideological transformation effort. The discussion will begin from the role of PTKIN as a government representative in implementing education, which is to educate citizens as well as assert Pancasila as a nation's ideology. PTKIN must be able to translate the universal values of Islam and Pancasila, without any conflict. At the same time, the citizenship education in it does not have to be interpreted as a doctrinal space, but rather a dialogical space between the universal values of which — manifested in both the theory and the legal evidence — in various events. It will also comparatively describe that "stick and carrot model" would rather keep away from education goals, only create fear, and not differ from the pattern of a radicalism. In conclusion, the integrated curriculum involves the creation of products from various branches of science, multidisciplinary, especially from the scientific work that has been produced by PTKIN, as well as studies adopted from Islamic Studies. By adopting the integrated curriculum, hopefully, will be formed a holistic understanding of students, so that with the conscientization, independently will be able to analyse the threat of radicalism for the existence of the Republic of Indonesia.
Arus globalisasi menggerus arti negara dalam bentuk kewilayahan, atau dalam perspektif geografi dalam hal batas-batasnya (borderless). Kehadiran krisis sebagaimana pandemi Covid-19 hadir untuk mengingatkan kembali keberadaannya. Batas, kedaulatan, dan kekuatan dari sebuah negara, yang secara nyata berhadapan dengan kepentingan politik dunia. Geopolitik telah lama menjadi kajian penting bagi penguatan kemampuan sebuah bangsa untuk bertahan di tengah hegemoni. Sebagaimana Indonesia dengan gigih mempertahankan Deklarasi Djuanda 1957 sebagai nota geopolitik tertulis, yang akhirnya berhasil mempengaruhi hukum laut internasional dan meneguhkan asas negara kepulauan (archipelago state). Sedemikian pentingnya materi geopolitik tersebut seharusnya memiliki andil dalam penguatan ketahanan nasional (national resillience), khususnya strategi pertahanan nasional (national defence). Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) merupakan media strategis untuk menransformasikan geopolitik terhadap kemampuan warga negara, sebagaimana diketahui Islam merupakan agama terbesar yang dianut oleh rakyat Indonesia, sekaligus memiliki pengaruh krusial bagi ideologi bangsa. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menguak peran pendidikan kewarganegaraan, terutama pada materi wawasan nusantara (national outlook) sebagai nota geopolitik warga negara. Penelitian dalam artikel ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan model penelitian literatur. Pandangan yang dapat diajukan dalam artikel ini diantaranya antara lain: aspek ideologis geopolitik warga negara seringkali melibatkan nilai-nilai primordial sehingga keutuhan cara pandang terhadapnya menjadi terganggu. Peran lokalisme dan Islam sebagai pembentuk aspek ideologi geopolitik, seharusnya dapat dikemas dengan baik sebagai pengikat identitas bangsa. Dalam hal ini, PTKIN sebagai lembaga pendidikan tinggi yang bercorak khas keislaman, seharusnya mampu menerjemahkan nilai universalitas moral good dalam Islam kepada rasa persatuan umat yang beridentitas kebangsaan. Adapun untuk menuju hal tersebut, PTKIN harus mampu meramu suatu materi terintegratif antara nilai Islam sebagai aras epistemologis ideologi Pancasila dan doktrin pertahanan nasional nirmiliter. Bagaimanapun juga peserta didik di PTKIN adalah sumber daya strategis pertahanan nasional nirmiliter, terutama dalam pembangunan karakter bangsa di tengah masyarakat
Two main Things is analyzed in this study, The first is the view of the trilogy, when its exotication much symbolized by Srintil and Dukuh Paruk was viewed in complex, divine and yet paradoxal object. This analysis was coming from the study of the genre which flourished in Indonesian literary on 70's and 80's, also from the political sociological perspectives when rapid development triumphed the rational masculinity over irrational superstitious during 1980's New order era.The second is the view of the trilogy when it was filmed in 2011 entitled Sang Penari. To be a more suitable with audience, the exotication including the life of Ronggeng is made to be a more pop icon than its complexity. The study was using the the arguments of orientalism and using the illustration of mainstream pop culture audience in Indonesia after the reformation era in 1998. The broader objectives of the study, is to give a deeper understanding to many pop culture artifacts in Indonesia, in terms of formation, pattern and type of communication. This study is more in interpretive path comparing several books and writings.
Two main Things is analyzed in this study, The first is the view of the trilogy, when its exotication much symbolized by Srintil and Dukuh Paruk was viewed in complex, divine and yet paradoxal object. This analysis was coming from the study of the genre which flourished in Indonesian literary on 70's and 80's, also from the political sociological perspectives when rapid development triumphed the rational masculinity over irrational superstitious during 1980's New order era.The second is the view of the trilogy when it was filmed in 2011 entitled Sang Penari. To be a more suitable with audience, the exotication including the life of Ronggeng is made to be a more pop icon than its complexity. The study was using the the arguments of orientalism and using the illustration of mainstream pop culture audience in Indonesia after the reformation era in 1998. The broader objectives of the study, is to give a deeper understanding to many pop culture artifacts in Indonesia, in terms of formation, pattern and type of communication. This study is more in interpretive path comparing several books and writings.
The objectives of these study is to explore more about Banyumas cultural identity through. Caused by politics and power in the past, some of writings indicated that there were alienation, seclusion towards Banyumas culture due to political objectives created by Keraton elite and Colonial ruler in the past. As many Javanese culture, This view exclude other forms of arts and culture which flourished besides the mainstream culture or in this case high culture as Keraton had. And then labeled those art as folk art, sometimes not representation of Javanese culture or even as included as non art at all. For instance, Prior to Indonesian Independence in 1945, art, culture and symbols represented by keraton in Yogyakarta and Surakarta considered appraised a higher status compared to Banyumas culture and identity. Contradicted with inferior behavior in general, Banyumas attitudes towards Keraton, are resistant, doubt, lowered, and even mocked them. It showed in daily life interactions especially when they dealt with Bandek language, the sublimity in Keraton rituals, art culture and philosophy and also nobility symbols. Banyumas people are commonly proud of their culture and identity but at the same time they feel inferior towards Keraton or Javanese mainstream culture. This study concentrated in inferiority complex phase based on Adler's thesis. Response coming from Banyumas people is often paradoxical with the inferiority as a general. One of its implications was the emergence of new character as compensation. These compensation commonly reflected in two ways, first would be elevate own's status and secondly lowering the others.The common attitudes shown on this compensations for example passionally willingness to be superior, insulting,hostile and indifference. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan telaah lebih dalam mengenai kebudayaan Banyumas. Karena adanya politik dan kekuasaan yang bermain di masa lalu, beberapa tulisan mengindikasikan adanya alienasi, pengasingan terhadap kebudayaan Banyumas yang disebabkan karena tujuan politis yang diciptakan pihak – pihak keraton dan penguasa kolonial. Seperti kebudayaan Jawa yang lain, bentuk kesenian dan kebudayaan yang berkembang selain kebudayaan Keraton Jawa tidak dianggap sebagai perwakilan bentuk kebudayaan Jawa. Setelah itu, ada pemberian cap sebagai kebudayaan rakyat, kebudayaan yang rendah atau bahkan bukan kebudayaan sama sekali. Sebagai contoh, sebelum Kemerdekaan di tahun 1945, seni, budaya dan simbol - symbol yang dikeluarkan keraton Jogjakarta dan Surakarta dianggap memiliki status yang lebih tinggi dibanding identitas dan Kebudayaan yang ada di Banyumas. Berlawanan dengan sikap inferior secara umum, sikap orang Banyumas terhadap Keraton bersifat melawan atau menentang, ragu, merendahkan dan bahkan mengejek. Hal ini terlihat dalam interaksi setiap harinya terutama terkait dengan Bahasa Bandek yang khas digunakan pihak Keraton, Keagungan ritual di dalam keraton, seni budaya, filosofi serta simbol simbol keningratan. Orang Banyumas secara umum merasa bangga atas identitas kebudayaan yang dimilikinya namun di saat yang sama merasa inferior jika dibandingkan dengan kebudayaan Keraton yang dianggap sebagai kebudayaan Jawa yang dikenal secara umum. karena alienasi tersebut, kebudayaan Banyumas menurut Anderson Sutton, mengalami perendahan secara politis dan artistik terhadap Kebudayaan Keraton ""subordinate politically and inferior artistically to the greatcourts"(Sutton, 1986 : 116). Penelitian ini terfokus terhadap inferiority complex yang diambil dari pemikiran Alfred Adler. Karena respons dari masyarakat Banyumas yang seringkali berlawanan dengan sikap inferior secara umum. Salah satu implikasi dari sikap ini adalah compensation atau kemunculan sikap lain (Broh, 1979 : 178). Sikap ataun kompensasi ini umumnya muncul dalam dua sikap, yang pertama adalah dengan menaikkan status yang dimilikinya dan yang kedua merendahkan status yang dimiliki pihak lainnya. Sikap yang umum tercermin dari kompensasi tersebut adalah keinginan yang menggebu untuk unggul, memusuhi, merendahkan, melawan tidak peduli.
The objectives of these study is to explore more about Banyumas cultural identity through. Caused by politics and power in the past, some of writings indicated that there were alienation, seclusion towards Banyumas culture due to political objectives created by Keraton elite and Colonial ruler in the past. As many Javanese culture, This view exclude other forms of arts and culture which flourished besides the mainstream culture or in this case high culture as Keraton had. And then labeled those art as folk art, sometimes not representation of Javanese culture or even as included as non art at all. For instance, Prior to Indonesian Independence in 1945, art, culture and symbols represented by keraton in Yogyakarta and Surakarta considered appraised a higher status compared to Banyumas culture and identity. Contradicted with inferior behavior in general, Banyumas attitudes towards Keraton, are resistant, doubt, lowered, and even mocked them. It showed in daily life interactions especially when they dealt with Bandek language, the sublimity in Keraton rituals, art culture and philosophy and also nobility symbols. Banyumas people are commonly proud of their culture and identity but at the same time they feel inferior towards Keraton or Javanese mainstream culture. This study concentrated in inferiority complex phase based on Adler's thesis. Response coming from Banyumas people is often paradoxical with the inferiority as a general. One of its implications was the emergence of new character as compensation. These compensation commonly reflected in two ways, first would be elevate own's status and secondly lowering the others.The common attitudes shown on this compensations for example passionally willingness to be superior, insulting,hostile and indifference. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan telaah lebih dalam mengenai kebudayaan Banyumas. Karena adanya politik dan kekuasaan yang bermain di masa lalu, beberapa tulisan mengindikasikan adanya alienasi, pengasingan terhadap kebudayaan ...
The status of Yogyakarta as a special province has brought about a serious tension at both conceptual as well as practical levels. A close look at the process around the recruitment of the Vice Governor for this province shows that point. A new interpretation and design of Yogyakarta as a special province is demanded.
The social forestry groups in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province consisting of LPHD Lubuk Birah, LPHD Lubuk Beringin dan LPHD Rio Kemunyang are the groups that have been assisted by social forestry assistance. The business in these groups is underdeveloped as indicated by unavailiability of market access, limited capital, weak institutionalism, etc. The objective of this research is to discover strategy of assistance in social forestry groups business development in the 3 (three) aforementioned groups. The data are collected by conducting in-depth interview, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), also by distributing questionnaires. They are analyzed by using SWOT analysis with Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS). Based on the SWOT analysis, it is found that the position of assistants is at quadrant IV (defensive strategy) which indicates that it is in unfavorable position where weakness and threat are more serious than its strength and opportunity. The strategy of assistance applied today is on increasing capacity of the assistants in business development, conforming outcomes of groups business with market needs, increasing intensity of effective communication and atmosphere with the groups, consolidating strength of the groups and improving communication with government and authorities to encounter threats of land clearing, increasing motivation of assistants, and living in the location when providing assistance.
This study tries to reveal evaluation language of Joe Biden in his political statement about Afghanistan through the use of appraisal resources specifically attitude. In conducting this study, the researchers employ descriptive qualitative method. Meanwhile, in collecting the data, researchers gained the data from the whitehouse.gov website purposively. A theory of appraisal which is developed by Martin & White (2005) was used to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that judgment is the highest number found in the data. Jo Biden mostly used judgment to indicate his emotion towards what happened in Afghanistan. Then it is followed by affect and appreciation respectively. Whereas, the findings of the gradability of attitudinal meanings show that in giving his statement, President Joe Biden tends to have high degree. It is shown in some part of the data that he tries to show his concern about Afghanistan's condition. This gradability is described through affect, judgment and appreciation.
