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This paper describes the fundamental teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, the development of religious knowledge, and the social and political context that shaped the intellectual tradition of Islam. Abdullah Saeed, in the transmission of spiritual experience and Islamic thought, introduced the basic teachings of Islam. The emergence of Islam is closely related to the history of its birthplace, the city of Mecca. Besides, Abdullah Saeed also discussed the beginning of the development of religious knowledge, which was immediately explained by the Qur'an and the emergence of sects that influenced the course of change towards truth. Each of these sects and sects has its doctrine, and if there is anything against it, there is undoubtedly a separate assessment of the differences that are believed. Several groups with various theological or religio-political orientations emerged. Among them are Kharijis (khawarij), Shia, Qadaris (qadariyya), Mu'tazilis (mu'tazila), Jabris (jabriyya) and Murji'is (murji'a).

The newest finding in 2016 about Baribis thrust, if it is pulled straight from Cibatu to Tangerang, it is roughly found that this fault passes through several sub-districts in Jakarta. Meanwhile, Center of Jakarta as the capital city, many governmental, economic, and business activities are conducted in this area. And also Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques are commonly used for monitoring and damage assessment for many natural and geological hazards. The present study, GIS techniques have been used to generate various thematic layers to assess earthquake hazard with a suitable numerical ranking scheme, mesh processing, and spatial data integration. The results also show that the proposed model provides reasonable earthquake potential index (EPI) from elevation, slope, magnitude, active fault, and epicentre parameters compared to the peak ground acceleration (PGA) in Center of Jakarta. The result of the EPI map explained just a little area in Center of Jakarta has very high EPI. Very high EPI area mostly in southeastern part in the study area, exactly in Menteng sub-district. And also illustrated, spatially in the more northward area indicate the smaller of the EPI in the study area. EPI resulted from the calculation of surface parameter have the same indication or same trend with PGA.

The implementation of character education in Indonesia is deemed not optimal, because it has not fully implemented character values to its full potential. The Indonesian government through Presidential Regulation Number 87 in 2017 launched the Strengthening Character Education program in all education units covering nationalist, independent, religious, integrity, and mutual cooperation. The purpose of this study was to document the teacher's response in independent values as one of the values in strengthening character education through social studies learning during the adaption of Covid-19 period. Participants included 19 randomized social studies teachers in East Java. This research is a descriptive study with an instrument form list of interviews. Data in the form of teacher responses were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 84.2% of teachers had facilitated the growth of independent values in students who were written in the Long Distance Learning Implementation and 52.6% of teachers said that distance learning social studies was less effective, so there needed to be an interesting method for distance learning social studies so the learning become more effective.

This study aimed to determine the influence of the implementation of the meat self-sufficiency policy on the cattle farmers' income in Indonesia. This study used secondary data of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) that were collected in 2014. The IFLS are household data taken by survey at national level. This study used IFLS 5 data. The observed variables in this study included characteristics of farmer's household such as age, area of land cultivated, number of family members, education level, patterns integration of livestock farming and government assistance. Household income is derived from reduced revenue from agricultural sector and it cost as the dependent variable. The results of the study showed that mixed farming or livestock farming integration influenced farmer household income significantly (P<0.01). The cultivated land size affected the household income of farmers (P<0.01). The level of education, number of family members, type of assistance and age did not affect the income of household farmers. The Respondents were divided in two group, group that were exposed and those that were not to the meat self-sufficiency program. The results of study showed that government policy in meat self-sufficiency did not have a significant impact on the household income of farmers. The development of livestock in order to achieve self-sufficiency in meat needs to be

This study aimed to analyze the potential for cattle business development in Indramayu Regency. The research locations selected using purposive sampling method were based on the following criteria: (1) Indramayu Regency is the 2nd largest rice producers in the Province of West Java, (2) The area covers 2,099.42 km2 based on secondary data obtained from BPS Indramayu Regency in numbers and (3) The area of agricultural land is still larger than the area of resident housing. The data analysis method used the carrying capacity index (IDD) and Location Question (LQ) analysis formulas. The data were processed and explained descriptively. The results of this study resulted in carrying capacity values consisting of 3 patterns, namely the highest carrying capacity value > 20,000 AU (Gantar and Terisi). Medium carrying capacity value > 10,000 AU (Cikedung and Gabuswetan). Low value carrying capacity 5.000-10.000 AU (Haurgelis, Suyeg, Juntiyuat, Bongdua, Kertasemaya, Patrol, Kedokanbunder and Sindang). The results of the analysis of IDD > 2 there are 12 sub-districts, meaning that based on the availability of forage feed from agricultural land, it is included in the safe category to increase the population of beef cattle. The potential for beef cattle development in Indramayu Regency needs to be prioritized in 12 sub-districts with LQ > 1 and IDD > 2 accompanied by government policies to support investment in livestock marketing facilities and infrastructure for smallholders.

The activity aimed to arrange the learning materials for farmer based on the cattle production system. The learning materials or curriculum is developed based on system theory perspective. In the system theory, there are two approaches which are hard system and soft system. The hard system refers to a quantitative perspective with rigid indicators such as technology implementation, productivity, and efficiency. Meanwhile, the soft system considers problem-solving based on the level of understanding, attitude and participation, teamwork, and motivation. This community services focused on applying soft system approach to arrange learning materials through farmer participation. The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique was conducted to stimulate farmers to identify their production problems and to prioritize the problem solving for learning materials. This article concluded that cattle farmers were able to identify and to prioritize the problem better through PRA stages.