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Asylum seekers, sovereignty, and the senses of the international: a politico-corporeal struggle
In: Interventions
The confrontation between asylum seeking and sovereignty has mainly focused on ways in which the movement and possibilities of refugees and migrants are limited. In this volume, instead of departing from the practices of governance and surveillance, Puumala begins with the moving body, its engagements and relations and examines different ways of seeing and sensing the struggle between asylum seekers and sovereign practices. Puumala asserts that our political imagination is being challenged in its ways of ordering, practicing and thinking about the international and those relations we call international. The issues relating to asylum seekers are one example of the deficiencies in the spatiotemporal logic upon which these relations were originally built; words such as 'nation', 'people', 'sovereignty' and 'community' are challenged. Conventional methods of governing, regulating and administering increased forms of mobility are in trouble, which gives rise to the invention of new technologies at borders and introduces regulations and spaces of exception. Based on extensive fieldwork that sheds light on a range of Europe-wide practices in the field of asylum and migration policies, this book will be of interest to scholars of IR theory, biopolitics and migration, as well as critical security more broadly. --
Political life beyond accommodation and return: rethinking relations between the political, the international, and the body
In: Review of international studies: RIS, Band 39, Heft 4, S. 949-968
ISSN: 1469-9044
AbstractThis article explores political agency in the interstices of the bodily politics of asylum. It shows how its practices make bodily surfaces and how alternative forms of political authority emanate from bodies. Relying on Jean-Luc Nancy's ontology of the body, it examines forms of political agency that are enacted by people often considered as abjective subjectivities in the spaces of the international. Deriving from interviews conducted with failed asylum seekers, the article sheds light on agencies and resistances embedded in and extant despite the governmental efforts to solve the problem of the moving body. Ethnographic data and interviews with the failed asylum seekers show how they take control over their lives, not as separate, sovereign subjects, but in relation to their political surroundings and others. In a way, the failed asylum seekers produce and practice their own politics that both takes part in and exceeds the limits set by sovereign politics. By exploring political agency from underneath and beyond sovereign power and governmentality, the article presents a reading of the intertwining of the international, political, and bodily.
Political life beyond accommodation and return: rethinking relations between the political, the international, and the body
In: Review of international studies: RIS, Band 39, Heft 4, S. 949-968
ISSN: 0260-2105
Corporeal conjunctures no-w-here: Failed asylum seekers and the senses of the international
Rajakontrollin menettäminen on yhä yksi kansallisvaltioiden keskeisimmistä huolenaiheista. Ajatus suvereniteetista ja yhteisestä kansallisesta kodista ovat juurtuneet syvälle oman aikamme poliittisiin rakenteisiin. Erilaisten rajojen, rajoitusten ja rajanvetojen kautta pyritään määrittelemään yksilön oikeudet toimia osana poliittista yhteisöä, tässä tapauksessa suomalaista yhteiskuntaa. Usein vasta kansakuntaan identifioitumisen nähdään muovaavan ihmisistä yksilöitä ja antavan heille viitekehyksen, josta käsin toimia. Tämä ajatusmalli johtaa ymmärrykseen, jonka mukaan kaikkien Suomessa asuvien ihmisten olisi omaksuttava yhteinen kulttuuri, joka on ennalta olemassa ja vakaa. Sitä vastoin itsen ja toisen väliset raja- ja kontaktipinnat sekä kohtaamisten aikaansaama muutos jäävät vähemmälle huomiolle. Kyseinen tutkimus pyrkii vastaamaan tähän vajeeseen ja kiinnittää erityistä huomiota kehollisiin kohtaamisiin sekä niiden poliittiseen merkitykseen. Rajojen ja rajanvetojen heijastumista yksilötasolle on tutkimuksessa tarkasteltu Suomessa vaille turvapaikkaa jääneiden kokemusten kautta. Tutkimus nojautuu vahvasti turvapaikatta jääneiden näkemyksiin, mutta myös maahanmuuttoviranomaisia ja maahanmuuttoalan ammattilaisia on haastateltu. Haastatteluaineisto osoittaa, että päätös lähteä turvapaikan hakuun kumpuaa aina havaitusta välttämättömyydestä, eikä turvapaikan hakemiseen liittyvää historiakäsitystä voida palauttaa yksittäiseen ihmiseen. Toisin sanoen joidenkin turvapaikanhakijoiden kutsuminen turvapaikkashoppailijoiksi tai järjestelmän väärinkäyttäjiksi on jo lähtökohtaisesti harhaanjohtavaa, sillä tällainen lähestymistapa jättää huomiotta asiaan vaikuttavat monimutkaiset poliittiset rakenteet ja kehityskulut. Tutkimuksen analyyttisena lähtökohtana onkin, että turvapaikkaprosessin myötä turvapaikanhakijan kehosta muovautuu paikka, jossa poliittisia suhteita tuotetaan ja luodaan uudelleen. Vaikka usein turvapaikan hakemisesta puhuttaessa korostetaan osattomuutta ja syrjäytymistä, on tässä tutkimuksessa omaksuttu toisenlainen fokus. Marginaalisesta asemastaan huolimatta turvapaikatta jääneet osallistuvat arjessaan suomalaiseen yhteiskuntaan eri tavoin, monenlaisten suhteiden välityksellä. Turvapaikanhakijat itse asiassa haastavat vallitsevan ymmärryksen kansallisvaltiosta luonnollisena tai pääasiallisena poliittisen kuulumisen paikkana ja siten tekevät paikkojen välisistä rajanvedoista monisyisempiä. Tutkimuksessa osoitetaan, miten turvapaikatta jääneet murentavat käsityksen poliittisesta elämästä jonain, joka tapahtuu vakiintuneen kansallisvaltiojärjestelmän määrittämissä puitteissa tai vakaan yhteiskunnan sisällä. Heidän moninaiset osallistumisen tapansa vievät pohjan tilalta, jossa poliittisen elämän ja olemassaolon muodot on pelkistetty kansallisen tai alueellisen turvallisuuden, järjestyksen sekä tehokkaan kontrollin teemoihin. Tutkimuksen keskeinen anti on tarjota vaihtoehtoisia tapoja keskustella siitä, mitä kuuluminen, paikattomuus ja pakkomuutto merkitsevät sekä mikä niiden suhde poliittisen elämän rajoihin ja mahdollisuuksiin on. Rajanvetojen tuntua, mieltä ja merkitystä luodaan ja niistä neuvotellaan eri tavoin kategorisoitujen kehojen välisissä suhteissa. Turvapaikkapolitiikka ei ole ainoastaan valtioiden välillä tai ylivaltiollisesti toteutettavaa toimintaa, vaan turvapaikatta jääneiden kokemukset osoittavat, että myös muunlaiset rajapinnat tulevat äärimmäisen merkityksellisiksi poliittisen paikoiksi. ; One of the greatest fears among nation-states continues to be the loss of control over their borders. Such a fear reflects the fact that sovereignty and the idea of a common national home are naturalised as the normative features of the political structures of our time. The borders, boundaries and limitations orchestrated within the international bear concrete effects on people s possibilities to enact themselves politically and are central to imagining what political life can and might be about. Indeed, these borders are instituted to reduce people s possibility to constitute themselves as political agents and claim access to socio-economic services and goods in a particular community. In this research the functioning of the border is investigated through the institution of political asylum. It is claimed that the asylum procedure with its practices of categorisation transforms the moving body into a site where political relations are reproduced. The empirical focus of this work is on failed asylum seekers in Finland. This research takes its cue from ethnographic fieldwork in three reception centres and the detention unit and interviews with failed asylum seekers and a variety of asylum professionals. With the conceptual help of Jean-Luc Nancy s philosophy of carnation, this work explores how failed asylum seekers, through their movements and acts of relating, open space for imagining political agency beyond territorially separated and ontologically fixed identities. The Nancian ontology of the body enables studying political relations without remaining captive to the dichotomous logic of sameness/alterity, identity/otherness and inside/outside. In fact, the experience of seeking asylum bears with it a sense of a history that cannot be totally owned by or reduced to an individual subject, and therefore this work is best characterised as an exploration into the ontological relationalities between selves and others. Asylum seekers both challenge and are challenged by what we think a good and happy community is. In a conventional approach on political community, identifying with a nation makes people individuals and gives them a place of reference from which to act. We, then, end up with the idea that all people in Finland should embrace the common culture, which is already given and somehow stable. With their moving bodies failed asylum seekers complicate the limits between places and disrupt the notion of political life as something that takes place either between fixed insides and outsides or within stable communities. The moving body undermines the spatial regime in which different expressions of what it means to lead a political life and be a human are flattened out and obscured by a vocabulary of security, organisation and efficiency. Through the limits embedded in the modern spatiotemporal logic this work is framed conceptually under the international. Instead of merely criticising this logic the work set out to explore the relations with and through which it expects us to talk about the possibilities of political life. By engaging with the failed asylum seekers voices, movements and their sensuous experiences this work creates new frameworks for a discussion on what belonging, displacement and being out of place mean and what their relation to political life is. While some senses of the international are produced at the border, in their daily lives the failed asylum seekers contest those senses and expose alternative ones. The relationality that characterises existence guides us towards an understanding of the international as a sphere of bodies that are with one another and that strive to surpass their artificial separation.
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Book Review Essay: Navigating Boundaries, Going Beyond Categories: From the Theoretical Figure of a Refugee to the Everyday as a Refugee
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109-117
ISSN: 1460-3691
On the Margins of the World: The Refugee Experience Today
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109-117
ISSN: 0010-8367
Navigating Boundaries, Going Beyond Categories: From the Theoretical Figure of a Refugee to the Everyday as a Refugee
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109-117
ISSN: 0010-8367
A review essay on books by (1) Emma Haddad, The Refugee in International Society: Between Sovereigns (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008); (2) Michel Agier, On the Margins of the World: The Refugee Experience Today (Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2008); (3) Joseph Nevins, Dying to Live: A Story of the U.S. Immigration in an Age of Global Apartheid (San Francisco, CA: Open Media/City Lights Books, 2008) & (4) Kim Huynh,
Where the Sea Takes Us: A Vietnamese-Australian Story
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109-117
ISSN: 0010-8367
The Refugee in International Society: Between Sovereigns
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109-117
ISSN: 0010-8367
Book Review Essay: Navigating Boundaries, Going Beyond Categories
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109
ISSN: 0010-8367
Dying to Live: A Story of U.S. Immigration in an Age of Global Apartheid
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 109-117
ISSN: 0010-8367
'Whether you like it or not, this is the future!': everyday negotiations of the community's boundary in urban space
In: Citizenship studies, Band 25, Heft 6, S. 808-824
ISSN: 1469-3593
Exploring the links between language, everyday citizenship, and community
In: Citizenship studies, Band 25, Heft 6, S. 739-755
ISSN: 1469-3593
'Whether you like it or not, this is the future!' : everyday negotiations of the community's boundary in urban space
How are the boundary and ground of community produced and negotiated in mundane practices of interaction and language use in urban space? The article explores how claims of belonging and legitimate presence are formulated, communicated, and contested and what kind of daily collisions emerge between people in multilingual and multicultural urban contexts. By so doing, it contributes to critical scholarship that discusses connections between community-making and everyday citizenship. Empirically, we draw on data collected in the suburb of Hervanta in Tampere, Finland, where various and internally diverse social groups engage every day in dialogues and negotiate the community's boundary. We suggest that, ultimately, these negotiations regard the norms, habits, and values upon which the idea of community is founded. The article uses Rancièrian notions of consensus and dissensus to understand tensional community dynamics in diversifying environments and to pave the way for an emergent understanding of community. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed
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