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"This book outlines how community sentences and early release options are administered in China. Chen provides empirical insights into the emerging community sector of the Chinese penal system, and illustrates how Chinese criminal courts decide between imprisonment and community sentences. Drawing on interviews with government and non-governmental supervisors, this study offers a discussion of the enforcement of these community sanctions and measures (CSM). By using the CSM reform as an example, this book illustrates the adaptation of Chinese governance and social control. Ultimately, Chen argues that the current model of governance in China (disciplinary governance) cannot guarantee an effective state-agent relationship; it also denies local governments sufficient legitimacy to secure social stability"--Publisher's description.

At one time monitoring over 900 million people, China's health code system is arguably the most controversial invention of the pandemic. This study explores how the system emerged and its implications for security governance in urban communities. By analysing 9,533 social media posts published during three key weeks, the study revealed that early pandemic responses in China were heavily shaped by private nodes, such as estate management companies, private security guards and homeowners. Homeowners' demands for extra security clashed with migrants' and tenants' demands for mobility. The health code system was presented as a 'solution' to these conflicts. The findings of this study highlight the limitations of consumer-driven pluralisation in policing. Such pluralisation offered limited opportunities for democratisation. Instead, the radical pursuit of 'club goods' by consumer-denizens reinforced existing inequalities. Entrenched inequalities tempted marginalised social groups to accept 'indiscriminate' surveillance, which paved the way for a neo-panopticon. The study also warns against the alliance of state nodes and big-tech companies. Through collaboration, these powerful players can replace political dynamics in the community with data-driven modulation, thus destroying the foundation of nodal governance.

Social public welfare practice is an important way to realize the goal of practical education in colleges and universities. Through a survey of 439 university students in Beijing, the results in this study showed that university students' intention to participate in social public
welfare practice was influenced by perceived value, behavioral attitude, and perceived behavioral control, and was not affected by subjective norms. Behavioral attitude and perceived behavioral control played a mediating role between perceived value and intention to participate. These findings
extend the research perspective to the field of social welfare and have the potential to promote the development of social welfare practice activities for university students.

The Digital Divide originates with inequalities in children's access to computers. It is deepened by disparities in teacher readiness to use computers for educational purposes. This article describes a computer training program designed to help Head Start teachers develop attitudes, skills, and practices that maximize the educational benefits children gain from computer use in the classroom. Guided by a set of pedagogical principles, the training program achieved its goals. Program teachers gained more confidence, developed more sophisticated computer skills, and applied more extensive classroom practices than teachers who did not participate in the program. Lessons learned from the training program point to key issues in supporting early childhood teacher development in computer technology. Corresponding recommendations for program design are discussed.