Suchergebnisse

Rapid urbanization influences green infrastructure (GI) development in cities. The government plans to optimize GI in urban areas, which requires understanding GI spatiotemporal trends in urban areas and driving forces influencing their pattern. Traditional GIS-based methods, used to determine the greening potential of vacant land in urban areas, are incapable of predicting future scenarios based on the past trend. Therefore, we propose a heterogeneous ensemble technique to determine the spatial pattern of GI development in Jinan, China, based on driving biophysical and socioeconomic factors. Data-driven artificial neural networks (ANN) and random forests (RF) are selected as base learners, while support vector machine (SVM) is used as a meta classifier. Results showed that the stacking model ANN-RF-SVM achieved the best test accuracy (AUC 0.941) compared to the individual ANN, RF, and SVM algorithms. Land surface temperature, distance to water bodies, population density, and rainfall are found to be the most influencing factors regarding vacant land conversion to GI in Jinan.

China's global export share has increased dramatically over the past decades. This development has prompted an empirical literature on whether Chinese exports displace those originated from elsewhere in various destination markets. In this paper we focus on the growth of China's exports to the East African Community (EAC) countries and show how it has affected exports from the European Union (EU) to the EAC. Our main contribution to the literature on the displacement effect of Chinese exports is a set of total and relative displacement estimates based on different specifications of the gravity model where we control for country-year fixed effects so as to avoid the "gold medal mistake" of not accounting for time varying "multilateral resistance". Our findings do not support the hypothesis that Chinese exports have displaced exports from other countries in general. Nor do they support the hypothesis that Chinese exports have displaced exports from EU countries to the EAC countries or elsewhere. There has been no displacement in the sense that, although exporters from the EU and elsewhere have lost market share to China, the value of their exports to the EAC and elsewhere have still increased.

In the high-speed translocal social setting, intergenerational solidarity is arguably weakening in Chinese society. The proposed study adopts an interactionist perspective, using semistructured interviews as well as communicative behavior records provided by interviewees to analyze the interactions between young adults and their geographically distant parents through a mobile instant messaging (MIM) service application. Taking WeChat as a case, this study focuses specifically on the use of MIM to manage and maintain parent–child relationships in a translocal context. Findings confirm the interaction patterns of "connected presence" and further suggest an emerging "panoptic-presence" consciousness among the young adults, leading to a performative mode of interaction with their parents. Meanwhile, though individualism prevails among the younger generation, family values and norms rooted in traditional Chinese culture are found to be both explicitly and implicitly practiced. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Previous scholars have demonstrated that implementation intentions have positive effects on exercise self-efficacy and exercise behaviors; however, others have found little evidence to support these results. Task difficulty has been deemed a key factor that may contribute to these discrepant
findings. Therefore, we examined the effects of implementation intentions on exercise self-efficacy and exercise behavior under different task difficulty conditions. High school students (N = 90; 48 young women and 42 young men) were randomly assigned to 3 groups to receive different kinds
of intervention (i.e., control group, goal intentions group, and implementation intentions group) and then were asked to hold the Navasana yoga posture under either high-difficulty or low-difficulty conditions. The results lend support to the assumption that implementation intentions help
improve exercise self-efficacy and exercise behavior among high school students. The effects of implementation intentions were robust and independent of task difficulty.