Suchergebnisse

AbstractDevelopment is contentious in high‐amenity rural areas experiencing migration‐driven population growth. While some residents welcome the associated economic, demographic, and social changes, others resist these changes. Using survey data, we examine the predictors of views on amenity‐led development in rural recreation counties across the United States, including to what extent there is evidence of a "culture clash," that is, whether values and attitudes of new and long‐term residents differ about local development issues as is often assumed. In addition, we examine whether attitudes toward development impact an important community outcome—residents' involvement in their community. We find that development broadly speaking is a divisive issue in rural recreation areas and that there is evidence for a culture clash over development. Newer residents are less likely to see development as a problem in their community than long‐term residents, yet more likely to think existing rules to restrict development are good, providing mixed support for the "gangplank" hypothesis. We find that those who see development as a problem are more likely to be involved in local organizations. This research provides a better understanding of views of development in rural recreation counties and evidence of how these attitudes matter in broader community outcomes.

AbstractAs residents living in hazard‐prone areas face on‐going environmental threats, the actions they take to mitigate such risks are likely motivated by various factors. Whereas risk perception has been considered a key determinant of related behavioral responses, little is known about how risk mitigation actions influence subsequent perceived risk. In other words, do actions to prevent or mitigate risk reduce risk perception? This longitudinal study considers the dynamic relationships between risk perception and risk‐mitigating behavior in the context of forest disturbance in north‐central Colorado. Based on panel survey data collected in 2007 and 2018, the results provide a first look at changes in perceived forest risks as they relate to individual and community actions in response to an extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak. Analysis revealed that the perception of direct forest risks (forest fire and falling trees) increased, whereas indirect forest risk perception (concern on broader threats to local community) decreased across the two study phases. Higher individual or community activeness (level of actions) was associated with subsequent reductions in perceived forest fire risk, smaller increases in direct risk perception, and larger decreases in indirect risk perception. These findings contribute insights into the complex risk reappraisal process in forest hazard contexts, with direct implications for risk communication and management strategies.

Rong Jiang,1 Cheng Wu,2 Bigyan Pudasaini,1 Lan Wang,1 Qin-Hua Zhao,1 Rui Zhang,1 Wen-Hui Wu,1 Ping Yuan,1 Zhi-Cheng Jing,1 Jin-Ming Liu1 1Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Background: Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) resulting from a chronic lung disease (CLD) (severe CLD-PH) requires more aggressive treatment due to its increased mortality compared with mild PH. Therefore, we developed a Doppler echocardiography scoring index (ESI) to predict severe CLD-PH.Methods: A derivation cohort of 107 patients with CLD who underwent echocardiography was classified into two groups, the normal/mild PH group and the severe PH group, based on the right heart catheterization. Meanwhile, we designed the ESI by multivariate logistic regression to validate the predicted outcomes. The ESI was calculated using the following formula: ESI = ESIRVEDTD + ESIPASP + ESIPAd - ESITAPSE. Additionally, the ESI was weighted by +2 points for right ventricular end-diastolic transverse dimension ≥3.8 cm or pulmonary artery diameter ≥2.7 cm, +3 points for systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PASP) ≥61 mmHg, and -3 points for tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ≥1.65 cm.Results: In the derivation cohort, PASP ≥61 mmHg estimated by echocardiography exhibited 80.4% sensitivity and 84.3% specificity with area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.823 (95% CI: 0.797–0.942, P<0.0001). Compared with PASP, ESI ≥1.0 exhibited 91.1% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity, resulting in a net improvement in model performance with a change in the c-statistic from 0.823 to 0.937 and an integrated discrimination improvement of 11.3% (95% CI: 4.5%–18.2%, P=0.001). The ESI was applied to the validation cohort, resulting in 84.2% sensitivity and 81.3% specificity with 82.9% accuracy. Conclusion: The ESI showed high capacity for predicting severe CLD-PH, further implying the value of noninvasive examinations in clinic. Keywords: pulmonary hypertension, echocardiography, hemodynamics, right heart catheterization, chronic lung disease