Suchergebnisse

<i>Background:</i> Little is known about the preferences of at-risk Hispanic women to gain information on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). <i>Aims:</i> This study sought to qualitatively explore preferences for HBOC information among at-risk Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban women and to pilot a mock brochure aimed at Hispanic women. <i>Methods:</i> Hispanic women aged 18–65 years with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer participated in a semistructured interview. Data were analyzed using a combination of open-coding and content analysis. <i>Results:</i> Fifty-three women participated in the study. For the majority of content areas, there were no major differences between the subethnicities. All women reported discussing cancer with a doctor after a family member had been diagnosed and discussing cancer within their families; however, the content of the discussion varied. Cuban and Puerto Rican women reported using the Internet routinely for health care information while Mexican women said they did not have access to computers and did not use them. All women liked the content and photos in the brochure but Mexican women thought the reading level was too high. Preferences for the spokesperson focused on the need for Spanish-speaking health care providers. <i>Conclusions:</i> While the data show some similarities, such as patterns of cancer discussion and appreciation of the mock brochure, there were differences between the groups on information preferences. In designing HBOC education information for Hispanic audiences, it is important to consider varied channels for dissemination and preferences for specific types of information across subethnicities.

This study developed and validated the Biomedical Research Trust Scale (BRTS), a 10-item measure of global trust in biomedical research, in English and Spanish (BRTS-SP). In total, 85 English- and 85 Spanish-speaking participants completed the BRTS or BRTS-SP, as well as measures of biobanking attitudes, self-efficacy, receptivity, and intentions to donate blood or urine. Results indicated the BRTS and BRTS-SP showed adequate internal consistency in both English and Spanish. In addition, greater levels of trust in biomedical research were significantly associated with greater self-efficacy, receptivity, attitudes, and intentions to donate blood and urine in English-speaking participants, and self-efficacy and intention to donate urine in Spanish-speaking participants. These results support the use of the BRTS and BRTS-SP among English- and Spanish-speaking community members.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards sexual and gender minority (SGM) oncology patients' needs among advanced practice providers (APPs). BACKGROUND: SGM individuals experience health disparities, in part due to lack of access to knowledgeable providers. Despite the important role of APPs in cancer care, less is known about their attitudes and knowledge towards SGM cancer patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A survey of APPs at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center assessed self-reported demographics, attitudes, knowledge and postsurvey confidence in knowledge of SGM oncology patient needs. Reporting of this study adheres to STROBE guidelines. RESULTS: Knowledge of health needs was low with an average of 2.56 (SD = 1.27) items answered correctly out of 6. The majority of APPs self-reported being comfortable treating SGM patients (93.6% and 87.2%, respectively), but less confident in knowledge of their health needs (68.0% and 53.8%, respectively). Although less than half of APPs believed education should be mandatory (44.9%), 79.5% were interested in education about SGMs' unique health needs. Political affiliation, medical specialty, licensure, and having SGM friends or family were associated with various attitude items, but not knowledge. Moderation analyses indicated that APPs who had greater overall knowledge scores were more likely to agree, on average, that knowing sexual orientation, gender identity and sex assigned at birth are important to providing quality oncology care. CONCLUSION: APPs report being comfortable providing care for SGMs with cancer, but knowledge gaps remain that may inhibit the quality of care provided. Given the interest in education, results would support the development of SGM-related healthcare training for oncology APPs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Targeted education for providers during training and continuing education is likely to improve the provision of quality care for SGMs with cancer.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico, suggesting a need for improved strategies, programs, and resources devoted to cancer prevention. Enhanced prevention needs in Puerto Rico were initially identified in pilot studies conducted by the Ponce School of Medicine (PSM) in collaboration with the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC). In the current study, we used community engagement to identify specific needs in cancer prevention and education and strategies to create culturally attuned, effective cancer prevention education programs. A total of 37 participants attended a community forum and were assigned to one of 3 discussion groups: patients/survivors (n = 14); family/caregivers (n = 11); or healthcare providers (n = 12). Most participants were women (73%), over 35 years of age, and a majority were married (58%) and had a university education (81%). The sessions were recorded and transcribed and analyzed for key themes. Participants wanted improved awareness of cancer prevention in Puerto Rico, and believed cancer prevention education should start early, ideally in elementary school. Participants also stressed the importance of creating partnerships with private and government agencies to coordinate educational efforts. Suggested strategies included: outreach to communities with limited resources; incorporating the testimony of cancer survivors; and utilizing social media to disseminate cancer prevention information.

PURPOSE: To identify potential gaps in attitudes, knowledge, and institutional practices toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) patients, a national survey of oncologists at National Cancer Institute–Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers was conducted to measure these attributes related to LGBTQ patients and desire for future training and education. METHODS: A random sample of 450 oncologists from 45 cancer centers was selected from the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfile to complete a survey measuring attitudes and knowledge about LGBTQ health and institutional practices. Results were quantified using descriptive and stratified analyses and by a novel attitude summary measure. RESULTS: Of the 149 respondents, there was high agreement (65.8%) regarding the importance of knowing the gender identity of patients, which was contrasted by low agreement (39.6%) regarding the importance of knowing sexual orientation. There was high interest in receiving education regarding the unique health needs of LGBTQ patients (70.4%), and knowledge questions yielded high percentages of "neutral" and "do not know or prefer not to answer" responses. After completing the survey, there was a significant decrease (P < .001) in confidence in knowledge of health needs for LGB (53.1% agreed they were confident during survey assessment v 38.9% postsurvey) and transgender patients (36.9% v 19.5% postsurvey). Stratified analyses revealed some but limited influence on attitudes and knowledge by having LGBTQ friends and/or family members, political affiliation, oncology specialty, years since graduation, and respondents' region of the country. CONCLUSION: This was the first nationwide study, to our knowledge, of oncologists assessing attitudes, knowledge, and institutional practices of LGBTQ patients with cancer. Overall, there was limited knowledge about LGBTQ health and cancer needs but a high interest in receiving education regarding this community.