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RECENT WRITERS HAVE SUGGESTED A NATURAL AFFINITY BETWEEN HERMENEUTICS AND LIBERTARIAN POLITICS. THIS CASE IS NOT PERSUASIVE. THE AUTHORS LOOK AT TWO DIFFERENT WAYS THE LINK HAS BEEN ATTEMPTED. IN ONE, MARKETS THEMSELVES ARE SEEN AS CONSTITUTING A HERMENEUTIC CONVERSATION OF SORTS. A SECOND APPROACH USES HERMENEUTICS TO UNDERPIN THE TRADITIONAL LIBERAL CONFINEMENT OF THE STATE TO SETTING THE RULES OF THE GAME. BUT THE CONCEPTION OF THE SELF THAT EMERGED FROM HERMENEUTIC THOUGHT LEADS TO A COMMUNITARIAN RATHER THAN A LIBERAL POLITICS.

The genomics era has expanded our knowledge about the diversity of the living world, yet harnessing high-throughput sequencing data to investigate alternative evolutionary trajectories, such as hybridization, is still challenging. Here we present sppIDer, a pipeline for the characterization of interspecies hybrids and pure species, that illuminates the complete composition of genomes. sppIDer maps short-read sequencing data to a combination genome built from reference genomes of several species of interest and assesses the genomic contribution and relative ploidy of each parental species, producing a series of colorful graphical outputs ready for publication. As a proof-of-concept, we use the genus Saccharomyces to detect and visualize both interspecies hybrids and pure strains, even with missing parental reference genomes. Through simulation, we show that sppIDer is robust to variable reference genome qualities and performs well with low-coverage data. We further demonstrate the power of this approach in plants, animals, and other fungi. sppIDer is robust to many different inputs and provides visually intuitive insight into genome composition that enables the rapid identification of species and their interspecies hybrids. sppIDer exists as a Docker image, which is a reusable, reproducible, transparent, and simple-to-run package that automates the pipeline and installation of the required dependencies (https://github.com/GLBRC/sppIDer; last accessed September 6, 2018). ; This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DGE-1256259 (Graduate Research Fellowship to Q.K.L.) and DEB-1253634 (to C.T.H.), the Robert Draper Technology Innovation Fund from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (to C.T.H.), the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture under Hatch Project 1003258 (to C.T.H.), and funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-SC0018409 and DE-FC02-07ER64494). Q.K.L. was also supported by the Predoctoral Training Program in Genetics, funded by the National Institutes of Health (5T32GM007133). D.P. is a Marie Sklodowska-Curie fellow of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 747775). C.T.H. is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences and a Vilas Faculty Early Career Investigator, supported by the Pew Charitable Trusts and the Vilas Trust Estate, respectively. ; Peer reviewed

Febrile illnesses are among the most common reasons for visits to hospitals and clinics worldwide. Since fevers can arise from a wide range of diseases, identifying the causative pathogen is essential not only for effective personal treatment but also for early detection of outbreaks. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) tasked a coalition of commercial, academic, and government researchers with moving diagnostic technology concepts from ideation to field use as rapidly as possible using scientifically sound evaluations. DTRA's 24 Month Challenge program examined >30 technologies before fielding four technologies on four continents. >10,000 in field test results were recorded. Here we discuss our tiered evaluation system to assess candidate technologies developed by commercial partners and the process of field testing those technologies at various front-line clinics in Sierra Leone, Thailand, Peru, and Australia. We discuss successes and challenges for introducing two multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) tests that detect malaria, dengue fever, melioidosis, and the plague. Additionally we discuss the use of a LFI reader that assisted the interpretation of the assay, communicated results to a data cloud, and greatly facilitated reach-back support. Lastly, we discuss the concurrent field testing of a multiplexed PCR assay on the FilmArray platform, which had an assay pouch specially designed for the 24 Month Challenge. Either standard-of-care or gold-standard testing were run alongside our fielded technologies to benchmark their performance.