Suchergebnisse

The originality of this book is to review and characterize the current body of scientific publications that describe the complete causal sequence from reorganization of agricultural production to land use changes (LUC) and the resulting environmental impacts. Concerns have been raised recently about the consequences of LUC linked to the expansion of primary production for bioenergy, notably in terms of the greenhouse gas impacts. Such concerns have prompted a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications on this topic over the past ten years. However, scientific research on LUC tends to be highly segmented between that focused on LUC drivers and the body of work examining LUC impacts. In fact, in order to account for LUC impacts /within /when assessing the environmental footprint of biomass production, we need to be able to link reorganization in biomass production to changes in the use and management of soils, and then determine the impacts of those LUC on the environment. Surprisingly, no systematic literature review encompassing this full causal sequence, "drivers - LUC - environmental impacts" have been carried out so far. The present book chapters examines both the range of territorial reorganizations leading to LUC and the range of associated environmental impacts considered in the literature, including GHG emissions, atmospheric pollution, biodiversity impacts, water resources, and soil quality. The analysis consisted of four principal steps: i) identification of research articles using a bibliographic search process; ii) description of these articles' main characteristics; iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; iv) closer examination of a subset of the sub-group pertaining to non-food biomass production based on a detailed template and a thorough analysis of the results. This is the first time this set of approaches was combined to assess the environmental impact of LUC, and specifically those related to non-food biomass production

Facing a growing and more affluent world population, changing climate and finite natural resources, world food systems will have to change in the future. The aim of the Agrimonde-Terra foresight study was to build global scenarios linking land use and food security, with special attention paid to overlooked aspects such as nutrition and health, in order to help explore the possible future of the global food system. In this article, we seek to highlight how the resulting set of scenarios contributes to the debate on land use and food security and enlarges the range of possible futures for the global food system. We highlight four main contributions. Combining a scenario building method based on morphological analysis and quantitative simulations with a tractable and simple biomass balance model, the proposed approach improves transparency and coherence between scenario narratives and quantitative assessment. Agrimonde-Terra's scenarios comprise a wide range of alternative diets, with contrasting underlying nutritional and health issues, which accompany contrasting urbanization and rural transformation processes, both dimensions that are lacking in other sets of global scenarios. Agrimonde-Terra's scenarios share some similarities with existing sets of global scenarios, notably the SSPs, but are usually less optimistic regarding agricultural land expansion up to 2050. Results suggest that changing global diets toward healthier patterns could also help to limit the expansion in agricultural land area. Agrimonde-Terra's scenarios enlarge the scope of possible futures by proposing two pathways that are uncommon in other sets of global scenarios. The first proposes to explore possible reconnection of the food industry and regional production within supranational regional blocs. The second means that we should consider that a 'perfect storm', induced by climate change and an ecological crisis combined with social and economic crises, is still possible. Both scenarios should be part of the debate as the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic shows.

L'initiative "4 pour mille : les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat" propose d'augmenter chaque année d'un quatre millième le stock de carbone présent dans tous les sols du monde. À la demande de l'Ademe et du ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, l'Inra (devenu aujourd'hui INRAE) a conduit une étude, centrée sur la France métropolitaine, visant à estimer le potentiel de stockage de carbone des sols agricoles et forestiers et, in fine, à mesurer la contribution potentielle de ce levier à l'objectif de réduction des émissions nettes de gaz à effet de serre. Diverses pratiques candidates (cultures intermédiaires, apport de nouvelles ressources organiques, gestion des prairies, agroforesterie…) ont été évaluées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une forte variabilité du stockage additionnel de carbone. L'étude a également permis d'estimer le coût supplémentaire, pour les agriculteurs, de mise en oeuvre de ces pratiques de stockage, puis une allocation de l'effort de stockage entre les pratiques et les régions a été effectuée. Ces données permettront aux différents acteurs concernés de faire les meilleurs choix pour stocker davantage de carbone dans les sols. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux décideurs chargés de l'élaboration des politiques publiques climatiques dans le domaine agricole, aux responsables territoriaux, aux aménageurs, aux ingénieurs et techniciens, aux agriculteurs et à l'ensemble des citoyens intéressés par la problématique de l'agriculture et du changement climatique.