Politics, religion & diplomacy in early modern Europe: essays in honor of De Lamar Jensen
In: Sixteenth century essays & studies 27
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In: Sixteenth century essays & studies 27
In: A journal of church and state: JCS, Band 21, Heft 2, S. 305-323
ISSN: 2040-4867
In: St Antony's Ser.
Cover -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Foreword to An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Latin America -- Notes on the Contributors -- 1. Introduction The Export Age: The Latin American Economies in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries -- 2. Brazil as an Export Economy, 1880-1930 -- 3. Coffee and the Origins of Modern Economic Development in Colombia -- 4. The Economies of Central America, 1860-1940 -- 5. Export-led Growth in Mexico, c.1900-30 -- 6. Peru, 1884-1930: A Beggar Sitting on a Bench of Gold? -- 7. Bolivia, 1900-39: Mining, Railways and Education -- 8. Trying to 'Tax and Spend' Oneself out of the 'Dutch Disease': The Chilean Economy from the War of the Pacific tothe Great Depression -- 9. The Vicissitudes of an Exporting Economy: Argentina (1875-1930) -- 10. Alteration, Crisis and Adjustment in the Cuban Export Economy,1898-1939 -- Index.
In: St Antony's Ser.
Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Foreword to An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Latin America -- Notes on the Contributors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Technological Learning, Institution Building and the Microeconomics of Import Substitution -- 3. ECLA and the Theory of Import Substituting Industrialization in Latin America -- 4. The Influence of International Financial Institutions on ISI -- 5. The Industrialization of Chile during Protectionism, 1940- 82 -- 6. Import Substitution and Growth in Brazil, 1890s-1970s -- 7. The Process of Accelerated Industrialization in Mexico, 1929-82 -- 8. Industrialization in Venezuela, 1936-83: The Problem of Abundance -- 9. Colombia in the Classical Era of 'Inward-Looking Development', 1930-74 -- 10. Import-Substituting Industrialization in Argentina, 1940-80: Its Achievements and Shortcomings -- 11. Import Substitution, Economic Integration and the Development of Central America, 1950-80 -- Index.
In: Psychological services, Band 9, Heft 2, S. 197-199
ISSN: 1939-148X
Dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents comprise just over 40% of all organic solvents utilized in synthetic organic, medicinal, and process chemistry. Unfortunately, many of the common "go-to" solvents are considered to be "less-preferable" for a number of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) reasons such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or for practical handling reasons such as flammability and volatility. Recent legislative changes have initiated the implementation of restrictions on the use of many of the commonly employed dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and for ethers such as 1,4-dioxane. Thus, with growing legislative, EHS, and societal pressures, the need to identify and implement the use of alternative solvents that are greener, safer, and more sustainable has never been greater. Within this review, the ubiquitous nature of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed with respect to the physicochemical properties that have made them so appealing to synthetic chemists. An overview of the current legislative restrictions being imposed on the use of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed. A variety of alternative, safer, and more sustainable solvents that have garnered attention over the past decade are then examined, and case studies and examples where less-preferable solvents have been successfully replaced with a safer and more sustainable alternative are highlighted. Finally, a general overview and guidance for solvent selection and replacement are included in the Supporting Information of this review.
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[Image: see text] Dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents comprise just over 40% of all organic solvents utilized in synthetic organic, medicinal, and process chemistry. Unfortunately, many of the common "go-to" solvents are considered to be "less-preferable" for a number of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) reasons such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or for practical handling reasons such as flammability and volatility. Recent legislative changes have initiated the implementation of restrictions on the use of many of the commonly employed dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and for ethers such as 1,4-dioxane. Thus, with growing legislative, EHS, and societal pressures, the need to identify and implement the use of alternative solvents that are greener, safer, and more sustainable has never been greater. Within this review, the ubiquitous nature of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed with respect to the physicochemical properties that have made them so appealing to synthetic chemists. An overview of the current legislative restrictions being imposed on the use of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed. A variety of alternative, safer, and more sustainable solvents that have garnered attention over the past decade are then examined, and case studies and examples where less-preferable solvents have been successfully replaced with a safer and more sustainable alternative are highlighted. Finally, a general overview and guidance for solvent selection and replacement are included in the Supporting Information of this review.
BASE
In: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Band 64, Heft 2, S. 276-285
In: Psychological services, Band 9, Heft 2, S. 111-131
ISSN: 1939-148X
For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types.
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