Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to analyse the historical and statistical researches of Ukrainian land by Polish scientist A. Yablonovskyi, that were contained in his publications «Źródła dziejowe», that was published in the second half of XIX century. This historical edition became one of the largest editions in the Polish and Ukrainian historiographies of the XIX century. Methods of historiography, synthesis and methods for comparing were used. The article attempted to analyze a value of the statistical sources for study of the history of Ukrainian land in XVI–XVІII. The pecularities of the research of lustration of Ukrainian lands in the 1-st part of XVII and castle revisions, that is very important for the analysis of social and economical conditions in XVI– XVІII century, were described. The analysis of the works of the historian «Starostwa Ukrainne w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku» and «Ziemia Wołyńska w połowie XVI-gowieku» was made. These works were based on investigated and published historical materials by A. Yablonovskyi.

The best news of the year 2020 about Hepatitis is the announcement of the winners of the prize for Medicine or Physiology for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus to Americans Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, and British scientist Michael Houghton on Monday the 5th October 2020. Second good news is Global hepatitis strategy- 2020 endorsed by all WHO Member States, aiming to reduce new hepatitis infections by 90% and deaths by 65% by 2030. World Hepatitis Day (WHD) 2020 on 28 July intended to bring the world together under a single theme of 'Hepatitis free future' by finding the 'Missing Millions' and raising awareness to influence real change. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause a range of health problems and can be fatal. There are five main strains of the hepatitis virus, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. While they all cause liver disease, they differ in modes of transmission, severity of the illness, geographical distribution, and prevention methods. Recent estimates indicate that worldwide there are over 345 million infections of hepatitis all varieties put together and 1.5 million deaths each year. Majority of these cases belong to HBV, followed by HCV and HDV. WHO estimates that, there are 320 million people worldwide to be living with viral hepatitis B & C and most of them are unaware, as testing and treatment remains beyond their reach? Introduction and Scaling up of infant vaccination have demonstrated a reduction of HBV prevalence. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are predominantly enterically transmitted pathogens and are responsible to cause both sporadic infections and epidemics of acute viral hepatitis. Public health measures to improve sanitation and provide safe drinking water for preventing HAV and HEV are in progress. HBV, HCV and HDV are predominantly spread via parenteral route and are notorious to cause chronic hepatitis which can lead to grave complications including cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Government of India has conveyed a political intent by setting up a comprehensive action plan- 'National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP)'. This is an integrated approach for prevention and control of viral hepatitis, aiming to end viral hepatitis by 2030 as envisaged in National Health Policy 2017. However, the good intentions of reaching target are not matched by resources and execution of plan. To add to this perineal systemic problem, the Jugaad approach for Covid- 19 Pandemic management, since March 2020, the entire Government machinery is being mobilized for firefighting the pandemic, that has resulted in all other public health programs having a setback for want of resources, monitoring and requisite push. There are many unfinished tasks left in prevention and elimination of viral hepatitis in developing countries, especially India. The prevailing water and sanitation issues continue haunt the country with HAV and HEV outbreaks. HAV vaccination strategies need redefining because of changing epidemiology. HEV vaccine should be made available in India. Encouraging voluntary blood donation and safe renal dialysis are in infancy and Individual blood and organ donors' nucleic acid testing (NAT) detects infection for HIV, HBV, and HCV is yet to be used as a screening tool. For the management of chronic HBV infection, treatment should be targeted at those with highest risk of disease progression, based on the detection of persistently raised alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and HBV DNA more than 20,000 IU/ml in those older than 30 years. In this article I have captured hepatitis infection status, major challenges in achieving hepatitis free India by 2030 competing with Covid-19 pandemic

From 2015 to 2019, the Evidence to End FGM/C research consortium took a fresh approach to examining the longstanding practice of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). The African-led program developed innovative research methods and uncovered new evidence about the practice and how it is changing—focusing on families and communities, and health and legal systems. This report documents the consortium's research methods, the key lessons learned, capacity strengthening efforts, enhanced advocacy for research uptake, and recommendations. The research sheds light on key areas for future investments that would ensure that FGM/C policies and programs are informed by rigorous evidence. The recommendations stem from the lessons learned on how local variations, social and cultural underpinnings, the health sector, and laws influence the practice of FGM/C. Wide-ranging partnerships brought together researchers, civil society members, government officials, and technical experts to find new answers. Going forward, such partnerships among institutions with well-established national, regional, and global networks will be key to ensuring that evidence is effectively used to influence policy and program actions.

This book is a guide to the latest research using the C-SPAN Archives. In this book, nine authors present original work using the video archives to study presidential debates, public opinion and Congress, analysis of the Violence Against Women Act and the Great Lakes freshwater legislation, as well as President Clinton's grand jury testimony. The C-SPAN Archives contain over 220,000 hours of first run digital video of the nation's public affairs record. These and other essays serve as guides for scholars who want to explore the research potential of this robust public policy and communications resource.

En este volumen editado se presentan y discuten los métodos de investigación al emplear la cámara como un medio de documentación en el contexto de investigación etnográfica. El volumen aborda, en un menor grado con las estrategias de investigación que tratan con imágenes producidas por los actores sociales, tales como fotografía propagandística y video diarios. Se brinda especial atención a la forma en que la cámara facilita el proceso de comunicación in la investigación etnográfica. Esta colección puede ser muy útil para lectores interesados en la discusión de problemas metodológicos y consejo práctico en el uso de las cámaras, especialmente en el contexto de la investigación etnográfica. Se mencionan pero no se tratan en profundidad los temas teóricos de lo visual y el performance visual en las sociedades contemporáneas.