Suchergebnisse

This work contributes to the literature about the Euro-area monetary policy analysing the effects of unconventional measures, the conduct of monetary policy by the European central bank and the effects of the crisis on the economic structures of member countries. The first chapter deals with the effects of unconventional monetary policy measures implemented since 2007 to cope with the financial and sovereign debt crisis. The focus is on government bond yields as they as they became the direct expression of the sovereign debt crisis in the Euro area, and it deals with two aspects of the transmission mechanism: the first one is the expectational channel and the second one is the effect of liquidity injections. Results show that the effect of unconventional monetary policies are not unique inside the monetary union but vary across countries and over time. In particular, the unfolding of the European sovereign debt crisis completely changed the impact of liquidity injections as they led to a rise in interest rate spreads for highly indebted countries. The second chapter analyzes the conduct of monetary policy in the Euro area over the period 1999-2013 by estimating several monetary policy reaction functions with time-varying coefficients and heteroskedastic error terms. This allows to evaluate whether relevant shifts in the conduct of monetary policy occurred and whether the current financial crisis had an influence on that. Results show that the sensitivity of the ECB towards inflation and output gap changed along the time span and mainly after 2008 as it also started to respond to new variables like bank loans and sovereign bond yield spreads. The third chapter analyzes the effects of the recent economic crisis in the Euro area in light of international structural macroeconomic relationships. This is achieved through a conditional forecast exercise. By comparing the forecast with the actual path of the Euro-area variables it is possible to evaluate whether, given the effects of the crisis in US, pre-crisis structural macroeconomic relationship are able to explain Euro-area economic developments during the crisis. Results show that the effects of the crisis have been much more heterogeneous than what implied by structural relationships and the crisis shock suggesting that either a structural break or a strong idiosyncratic shock affected the Euro area after 2008. Finally, the sovereign debt crisis by itself seems not to be able to explain neither business-cycle and inflation heterogeneity, nor the recent recession and economic slack.

This paper considers litterary evidence about sitesis in the fifth century in order to determinate the date and the recipients of the Prytaneion Decree. In particular, Aristophanes' criticism on the granting of sitesis to manteis and generals suggests that the decree should be placed in the years immediatly prior to 424 a.C., probably supported by the most radical faction of Athenian democracy.

Manifiesto de rivolta femminile

La tesi si propone di indagare il tema della rivalità politica tra Cleone e Nicia, così come presentato all'interno del capitolo XXVIII della Costituzione degli Ateniesi di Aristotele. Tale tema è studiato principalmente secondo una prospettiva storiografica, attraverso l'analisi delle diverse fonti che prendono in considerazione la vicenda dei due leader. Dopo un'analisi dettagliata della testimonianza di Aristotele, si propone un esame delle fonti contemporanee, delle fonti di quarto e terzo secolo e infine del bios plutarcheo dedicato a Nicia. L'analisi ha messo in evidenza come la genesi dell'opposizione Nicia/Cleone non sia tanto riconducibile alle fonti del quinto secolo, che pur offrono parecchio materiale su cui riflettere, ma sia piuttosto da riportare alla riflessione di quarto. ; The thesis aims to examine the issue of political rivalry between Cleon and Nicias as presented in chapter XXVIII of Aristotle's Athenaion Politeia. This topic is considered primarily from a historiographical perspective, through the analysis of the various sources dealing with the story of the two leaders. After a detailed study of the Aristotelian evidence, the thesis offers an examination of contemporary sources, of authors from 4th and 3rd centuries BC, and finally of Plutarch's Life of Nikias. The analysis shows that the origin of the opposition between Nicias and Cleon should not be identified in 5th century sources, which nevertheless preserve some interesting and telling details, but it should be attributed to 4th century political reflection.

The world drug problem is one of the social epidemics which grew the fastest and the most in the last century and will probably spread even more and become more serious. This phenomenon represents a threat to human beings' health and wellbeing since it diminishes the socio-economic, cultural and political foundations of a society (32). In this study we characterize high school students using the National Survey 2005 carried out by SEDRONAR in order to observe risk factors and their connection with drugsconsumption. Four thousand five hundred ninety three surveys corresponding to the province of Cordoba were analyzed. From all the surveyed people, 12.1% recognized having tried drugs sometime in their lives. When analyzing if drug consumption is related to school shift, the results showed that in both cases, people who have consumed drugs sometime in their lives as well as those who consumed the previous month, afternoon and evening shifts involve significant higher risk. As regard the age when more drugs where consumed, once in life or in the previous month, results were more significant for 15 and older and less for 14 and younger. Regarding the analysis of drug consumption in relation to both parents living together, it is observed that a nuclear family is highly significant and there is a relation with the protection factors mentioned before, significance being higher for those who tried drugs once in their lives. According to our analysis, we can state that family risk factors are the most significant. It was determined that family risk factors are strong components at the moment of trying drugs. ; Una de las epidemias sociales de mayor y más rápida extensión en la pasada centuria y con probabilidad de extenderse y hacerse aún más grave, es el problema mundial de las drogas, fenómeno que representa una amenaza para la salud y el bienestar de los seres humanos, al menoscabar las bases socio-económicas, culturales y políticas de una sociedad (32). En el presente estudio se realiza una caracterización de los alumnos de enseñanza media a través de la Encuesta Nacional 2005 realizada por SEDRONAR, a los fines de observar los factores los factores de riesgo y su relación al consumo de drogas. Se analizaron 4593 encuestas correspondientes a la Provincia de Córdoba. Del total de los encuestados el 12,1% reconoció haber probado alguna vez en la vida droga. En el análisis en relación a sí el consumo de droga está relacionado con el turno escolar al cual concurre, se obtuvo que tanto los que consumieran una vez en su vida como los que lo hicieron en el último mes, resultaron significativos siendo el turno tarde y noche de mayor riesgo en ambos casos. En cuanto a la edad, donde más se consumió drogas tanto en los que los hicieron una vez o el último mes resultó altamente significativo para los de 15 años o más, y en menor para los de 14 años o menos. Mientras que el análisis en relación del consumo de droga y la situación de convivencia de los padres se observa que una familia constituida es altamente significativa y establece una relación con los factores de protección, siendo mayor su significación para aquellos que la probaron alguna vez en la vida. Por todo lo anteriormente analizado es que podemos afirmar que los factores de riesgo familiares son los más significativos. Se determinó que los factores de riesgo familiar son fuertes componentes al momento de probar la droga.

The world drug problem is one of the social epidemics which grew the fastest and the most in the last century and will probably spread even more and become more serious. This phenomenon represents a threat to human beings' health and wellbeing since it diminishes the socio-economic, cultural and political foundations of a society (32). In this study we characterize high school students using the National Survey 2005 carried out by SEDRONAR in order to observe risk factors and their connection with drugsconsumption. Four thousand five hundred ninety three surveys corresponding to the province of Cordoba were analyzed. From all the surveyed people, 12.1% recognized having tried drugs sometime in their lives. When analyzing if drug consumption is related to school shift, the results showed that in both cases, people who have consumed drugs sometime in their lives as well as those who consumed the previous month, afternoon and evening shifts involve significant higher risk. As regard the age when more drugs where consumed, once in life or in the previous month, results were more significant for 15 and older and less for 14 and younger. Regarding the analysis of drug consumption in relation to both parents living together, it is observed that a nuclear family is highly significant and there is a relation with the protection factors mentioned before, significance being higher for those who tried drugs once in their lives. According to our analysis, we can state that family risk factors are the most significant. It was determined that family risk factors are strong components at the moment of trying drugs. ; Una de las epidemias sociales de mayor y más rápida extensión en la pasada centuria y con probabilidad de extenderse y hacerse aún más grave, es el problema mundial de las drogas, fenómeno que representa una amenaza para la salud y el bienestar de los seres humanos, al menoscabar las bases socio-económicas, culturales y políticas de una sociedad (32). En el presente estudio se realiza una caracterización de los alumnos de enseñanza media a través de la Encuesta Nacional 2005 realizada por SEDRONAR, a los fines de observar los factores los factores de riesgo y su relación al consumo de drogas. Se analizaron 4593 encuestas correspondientes a la Provincia de Córdoba. Del total de los encuestados el 12,1% reconoció haber probado alguna vez en la vida droga. En el análisis en relación a sí el consumo de droga está relacionado con el turno escolar al cual concurre, se obtuvo que tanto los que consumieran una vez en su vida como los que lo hicieron en el último mes, resultaron significativos siendo el turno tarde y noche de mayor riesgo en ambos casos. En cuanto a la edad, donde más se consumió drogas tanto en los que los hicieron una vez o el último mes resultó altamente significativo para los de 15 años o más, y en menor para los de 14 años o menos. Mientras que el análisis en relación del consumo de droga y la situación de convivencia de los padres se observa que una familia constituida es altamente significativa y establece una relación con los factores de protección, siendo mayor su significación para aquellos que la probaron alguna vez en la vida. Por todo lo anteriormente analizado es que podemos afirmar que los factores de riesgo familiares son los más significativos. Se determinó que los factores de riesgo familiar son fuertes componentes al momento de probar la droga.