Suchergebnisse

El objetivo del presente estudio es probar el efecto de la inclusión financiera en el nivel de cohesión social en los municipios de México. La metodología contempla la construcción de dos índices de inclusión financiera y la estimación de modelos probit, con información de 2010. Los resultados prueban estadísticamente la relación no lineal, en forma de campana, entre la inclusión financiera y la cohesión social en los municipios mexicanos, igualmente permiten observar la brecha existente entre los niveles de inclusión y aquellos que maximizarían la probabilidad de alcanzar una alta cohesión social municipal. Las principales limitaciones de la investigación fueron la carencia de una teoría consolidada sobre el fenómeno bajo análisis y la falta de información para algunas de las variables consideradas en la estimación. El estudio es el primero que revisa la relación entre la inclusión financiera y la cohesión social a nivel municipal para cualquier país, ambas variables presentes en los planes del actual gobierno mexicano. La inclusión financiera también está significando inclusión social en los municipios mexicanos, consolidar esta estrategia luce promisorio para el pueblo de México. ; The objective of this study is to prove the effect of financial inclusion on the level of social cohesion in Mexican municipalities. The methodology led to the elaboration of two financial inclusion indexes and the estimation of probit models, based on 2010 data. The results statistically prove the non-linear, bell-shaped relation between financial inclusion and social cohesion in Mexican municipalities, and allow to observe the existing gap between inclusion levels and those that would maximize the probability of reaching a high social cohesion at a municipal level. The main limitations of the investigation were the absence of a consolidated theory regarding the analyzed phenomenon, and the lack of information for some of the variables that were considered in the estimation. This study is the first one to elaborate on the relation between financial inclusion and social cohesion at a municipal level for any country, two variables that are present in the Mexican government's current plans. Financial inclusion also means social inclusion for the municipalities, so the consolidation of this strategy seems promising for the Mexican people.

There has been a long debate about the effects that free trade has on pollution. Most empirical analysis on this topic has focused at the national level. The objective of this study is to see if there is a relationship between the pollution generated by the manufacturing industry in each of Mexico's 32 states and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This was done via panel data regression models using information on pollution, income, and degree of trade from each of the states for the years 1993 and 2000. The pollution index level was constructed using the Industrial Pollution Projection System from the World Bank. In general we found a positive relationship between trade liberalization and pollution caused by manufacturing. Furthermore, we found that income and pollution follow the relationship expressed in the Environmental Kuznets Curve. JEL classification: F18, Q56