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Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Origin of Exploitation -- 3. Feudalism and Capitalism -- 4. Exploitation and Profits -- 5. The Morality of Exploitation -- 6. The Emergence of Class -- 7. Exploitation without a Labor Market -- 8. Historical Materialism -- 9. Evolving Forms of Exploitation -- 10. Public Ownership of the Means of Production -- 11. Epilogue -- Appendix: Statements and Proofs of Theorems -- Bibliographical Notes -- References -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Circumstances, Types, and Autonomous Choice -- 3 Justifying the Proposal -- 4 A Formal Definition of Equality of Opportunity -- 5 Incentive Properties of the EOp Mechanism -- 6 Equality of Opportunity with Production -- 7 Equality of Opportunity for Welfare -- 8 Equality of Opportunity for Health -- 9 Education and Advantage -- 10 Equal-Opportunity Unemployment Insurance -- 11 The EOp Distribution of Educational Finance in the United States -- 12 The Scope and Extent of Equal Opportunity -- 13 To What Extent Should We Equalize Opportunities -- 14 Affirmative Action -- 15 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Political Competition over a Single Issue: The Case of Certainty -- 2. Modeling Party Uncertainty -- 3. Unidimensional Policy Spaces with Uncertainty -- 4. Applications of the Wittman Model -- 5. Endogenous Parties: The Unidimensional Case -- 6. Political Competition over Several Issues: The Case of Certainty -- 7. Multidimensional Issue Spaces and Uncertainty: The Downs Model -- 8. Party Factions and Nash Equilibrium -- 9. The Democratic Political Economy of Progressive Taxation -- 10.Why the Poor Do Not Expropriate the Rich in Democracies -- 11. Distributive Class Politics and the Political Geography of Interwar Europe -- 12. A Three-Class Model of American Politics -- 13. Endogenous Parties with Multidimensional Competition -- 14. Toward a Model of Coalition Government -- Mathematical Appendix -- References -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- CHAPTER ONE: Introduction: Cooperation, Altruism, and Economic Theory -- Part I: Kantian Optimization in Games -- CHAPTER TWO: Simple Kantian Equilibrium -- CHAPTER THREE: Heterogeneous Preferences: Multiplicative and Additive Kantian Optimization -- CHAPTER FOUR: Other Forms of Kantian Optimization -- CHAPTER FIVE: Altruism -- CHAPTER SIX: Is Kantian Optimization Really Nash Optimization under Another Guise? -- CHAPTER SEVEN: Existence and Dynamics of Kantian Equilibrium -- CHAPTER EIGHT: Evolutionary Considerations: Can Kantians Resist Invasion by Nashers? -- CHAPTER NINE: Alternative Approaches to Cooperation -- CHAPTER TEN: A Generalization to More Complex Production Economies -- Part II: Kantian Optimization in Market Economies -- CHAPTER ELEVEN: International Cooperation to Reduce Global Carbon Emissions -- CHAPTER TWELVE: Efficient Provision of a Public and Private Good: A Semimarket Economy -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Two Designs for Market Socialism -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN: An Economy of Worker-Owned Firms -- CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Conclusion: Positive or Normative? -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Circumstances, Types, and Autonomous Choice -- 3 Justifying the Proposal -- 4 A Formal Definition of Equality of Opportunity -- 5 Incentive Properties of the EOp Mechanism -- 6 Equality of Opportunity with Production -- 7 Equality of Opportunity for Welfare -- 8 Equality of Opportunity for Health -- 9 Education and Advantage -- 10 Equal-Opportunity Unemployment Insurance -- 11 The EOp Distribution of Educational Financein the United States -- 12 The Scope and Extent of Equal Opportunity -- 13 To What Extent Should We Equalize Opportunities? -- 14 Affirmative Action -- 15 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.

Intro -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- The Private Property System -- Exploitation -- Classes -- Historical Materialism -- Capitalism and Freedom -- Method -- A Preview -- 2. The Origin of Exploitation -- An Egalitarian Distribution of Capital -- The Technical Definition of Exploitation -- Unequal Ownership of the Capital Stock -- The Causes of Exploitation -- The Industrial Reserve Army -- Concluding Comments -- 3. Feudalism and Capitalism -- A Brief Account of Feudalism -- A Difference between Capitalism and Feudalism -- 4. Exploitation and Profits -- Embodied Labor and Exploitation -- Prices and the Profit Rate -- The Relationship between Exploitation and Profits -- An Economy with Many Produced Goods -- The Social Division of Labor and the Perception of Exploitation -- The Labor Theory of Value -- 5. The Morality of Exploitation -- Exploitation as the Source of Profits -- The Initial Distribution -- Justification of Unequal Distribution -- 6. The Emergence of Class -- A Definition of Equilibrium for a Corn Model with Assets -- Class Formation -- Class and Wealth -- Class and Exploitation -- The Significance of Class -- Exploitation Deemphasized -- 7. Exploitation without a Labor Market -- The Corn Economy with a Capital Market -- Capital Market Island: The Five-Class Model -- Capital Markets and Workers' Cooperatives -- Exploitation without Labor or Capital Markets -- International Capitalism: Imperialism and Labor Migration -- Domination versus Exploitation versus Property Relations -- 8. Historical Materialism -- Economic Structure, Productive Forces, and Superstructure -- The Role of Class Struggle -- The Logic of the Theory -- Challenges from Economic History -- Evolving Property Relations -- 9. Evolving Forms of Exploitation -- Historical Materialism and Private Property -- The Failure of Surplus Value as a Measure of Exploitation.

Many believe that equality of opportunity will be achieved when the prospects of children no longer depend upon the wealth and education of their parents. The institution through which the link between child and parental prospects may be weakened is public education. Many also believe that democracy is the political institution that will bring about justice. This study, first published in 2006, asks whether democracy, modeled as competition between political parties that represent different interests in the polity, will result in educational funding policies that will, at least eventually, produce citizens who have equal capacities (human capital), thus breaking the link between family background and child prospects. In other words, will democracy engender, through the educational finance policies it produces, a state of equal opportunity in the long run?

This book presents fifteen essays, written over the past dozen years, on egalitarianism. The essays explore contemporary philosophical debates on this subject, using the tools of modern economic theory, general equilibrium theory, game theory, and the theory of mechanism design. Egalitarian Perspectives is divided into four parts: the theory of exploitation; equality of resources; bargaining theory and distributive justice; and market socialism and public ownership. The first part presents Roemer's influential reconceptualisation of the Marxian theory of exploitation as a theory of distributive justice. The second part offers a critique of Ronald Dworkin's equality-of-resources theory, and puts forward a new egalitarian proposal based upon a specific method of measuring individual responsibility. The third part introduces a novel application of the theory of mechanism design to the study of political philosophy, and raises new concerns about the limitations of that application. The fourth part presents the author's views on market socialism and public ownership, and demonstrates that Professor Roemer is at the forefront of refining new theories and conceptions of market socialism